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23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER.  N.Y.  14580 

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CIHM/ICMH 

Microfiche 

Series. 


CIHM/ICMH 
Collection  de 
microfiches. 


Canadian  Institute  for  Historical  Microreproductions  Institut  Canadian  de  microreproductions  historiques 

1980 


Technical  and  Bibliographic  Notes/Notes  techniques  et  bibliographiques 


The  Institute  has  attempted  to  obtain  the  best 
original  copy  available  for  filming.  Features  of  this 
copy  which  may  be  bibliographically  unique, 
which  may  alter  any  of  the  images  in  the 
reproduction,  or  which  may  significantly  change 
the  usual  method  of  filming,  are  checked  below. 


D 


Coloured  covers/ 
Couverture  de  couieur 


I     I    Covers  damaged/ 


Couverture  endommagAe 

Covers  restored  and/or  laminated/ 
Couverture  restaur^  et/ou  peliiculte 

Cover  title  messing/ 

Le  titre  de  couverture  manque 

Coloured  maps/ 

Cartes  gtographiques  en  couieur 

Coloured  ink  (i.e.  other  than  blue  or  black)/ 
Encre  de  couieur  (i.e.  autre  que  bleue  ou  noire) 

Coloured  plates  and/or  illustrations/ 
Planches  et/ou  illustrations  en  couieur 

Bound  with  other  material/ 
ReliA  avec  d'autres  documents 


D 


D 


D 


Tight  binding  may  cause  shadows  or  distortion 
along  interior  margin/ 

La  reliure  serrie  peut  causer  de  I'ombre  ou  de  la 
distortion  le  long  de  la  marge  intArieure 

Blank  leaves  added  during  restoration  may 
appear  within  the  text.  Whenever  possible,  these 
have  been  omitted  from  filming/ 
II  se  peut  que  certaines  pages  blanches  ajoutAes 
lors  d'une  restauration  apparaissent  dans  le  texte, 
mais.  iorsque  cela  Atait  possible,  ces  pages  n'ont 
pas  6tA  filmAes. 

Additional  comments:/ 
Commentaires  supplAmentairas; 


L'Institut  a  microfilm*  le  meilleur  exemplaire 
qu'il  iui  a  AtA  possible  de  se  procurer.  Les  details 
de  cet  exemplaire  qui  sont  peut-Atre  uniques  du 
point  de  vue  bibliographique,  qui  peuvent  modifier 
une  image  reproduite,  ou  qui  peuvent  exiger  une 
modification  dans  la  methods  normale  de  filmage 
sont  indiquAs  ci-dessous. 


|~~1   Coloured  pages/ 


Pages  de  couieur 

Pages  damaged/ 
Pages  endommag^es 

Pages  restored  and/oi 

Pages  restaur^es  et/ou  pelliculAes 

Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxei 
Pages  dicolories,  tachet6es  ou  piquies 

Pages  detached/ 
Pages  ddtachies 

Showthrough/ 
Transparence 

Quality  of  prir 

Quality  inigale  de  I'impression 

Includes  supplementary  materii 
Comprend  du  materiel  supplAmentaire 

Only  edition  available/ 
Seule  Edition  disponible 


I      I  Pages  damaged/ 

I      I  Pages  restored  and/or  laminated/ 

I      I  Pages  discoloured,  stained  or  foxed/ 

n~|  Pages  detached/ 

rn  Showthrough/ 

I      I  Quality  of  print  varies/ 

I      I  Includes  supplementary  material/ 

I — I  Only  edition  available/ 


n 


Pages  wholly  or  partially  obscured  by  errata 
slips,  tissues,  etc.,  have  been  refilmed  to 
ensure  the  best  possible  image/ 
Les  pages  totalement  ou  partiellement 
obscurcies  par  un  feuillet  d'errata,  une  pelure, 
etc.,  ont  M  film^es  A  nouveau  de  fapon  it 
obtenir  la  meilleure  image  possible. 


T 

s 
T 

h 

d 

ei 
b 
ri 
r( 
rr 


This  item  is  filmed  at  the  reduction  ratio  checked  below/ 

Ce  document  est  filmA  au  taux  de  reduction  indiqu*  ci-dessous. 

10X  14X  18X  22X 


r 


26X 


30X 


v/ 


12X 


16X 


aox 


a4x 


28X 


] 


32X 


9 

itails 
B  du 
lodifiar 
r  une 
Image 


rrata 
to 


pelura. 
1  A 


3 


32X 


Tha  copy  filmad  hara  haa  baan  raproducad  thanka 
to  tha  ganaroaity  of: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 

Tha  imagaa  appearing  hara  ara  tha  bast  quality 
poisibia  conaidaring  tha  condition  and  iagibility 
of  tha  original  copy  and  in  kaaping  with  tha 
filming  contract  apacifications. 


Original  copies  in  printed  paper  covers  ara  filmad 
beginning  with  the  front  cover  and  ending  on 
the  last  page  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, or  the  beck  cover  when  appropriate.  All 
other  original  copies  are  filmed  beginning  on  the 
first  psge  with  a  printed  or  illustrated  impres- 
sion, and  ending  on  the  last  page  with  a  printed 
or  illustrated  impression. 


The  last  recorded  frame  on  each  microfiche 
shall  contain  the  symbol  ~-^  (meaning  "CON- 
TINUED"), or  the  symbol  V  (meaning  "END"), 
whichever  applies. 

Maps,  plates,  charts,  etc.,  may  be  filmed  at 
different  reduction  ratios.  Those  too  large  to  be 
entirely  included  in  one  exposure  ara  filmed 
beginning  in  the  upper  left  hand  corner,  left  to 
right  and  top  to  bottom,  as  many  frames  as 
required.  The  following  diagrams  illustrate  the 
method: 


1 

2 

3 

L'exemplaira  film*  fut  reproduit  grAce  A  la 
ginArosit*  da: 

Library  Division 

Provincial  Archives  of  British  Columbia 

Lea  imagaa  auivantaa  ont  AtA  reproduites  avac  la 
plua  grand  aoin,  compta  tenu  de  la  condition  at 
de  la  nattetA  de  l'exemplaira  film«.  at  an 
conformity  avac  lea  conditiona  du  contrat  da 
7ilmage. 

Lea  exemplairas  originaux  dont  la  couvarture  en 
papier  est  imprim«e  sont  filmAs  en  commengant 
par  ie  premier  plat  at  an  tarminant  soit  par  la 
darniire  paga  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration,  soit  par  la  second 
plat,  salon  la  cas.  Tous  las  autres  exemplaires 
originaux  sont  film6s  en  commenpant  par  la 
premiere  paga  qui  comporte  une  empreinte 
d'impression  ou  d'illustration  et  en  terminant  par 
la  darnidre  page  qui  comporte  une  telle 
empreinte. 

Un  des  symboles  suivants  apparaitra  sur  ia 
darnidre  image  de  cheque  microfiche,  selon  Ie 
cas:  Ie  symbols  — ^  signifie  "A  SUIVRE  ",  ie 
symbols  V  signifie  "FIN". 

Les  cartes,  planches,  tableaux,  etc.,  peuvent  Atre 
film6s  A  des  taux  de  reduction  diffirents. 
Lorsque  Ie  document  est  trop  grand  pour  Atra 
reproduit  en  un  seul  clich«,  il  est  film*  A  pertir 
de  i'angia  8up6rieur  gauche,  de  gauche  A  droite. 
et  de  haut  en  bas,  an  prenant  la  nombre 
d'images  n6cessaire.  Les  diagrammes  suivants 
illustrent  la  mdthode. 


1 

2 

3 

4 

5 

6 

Bits 


"was^ 


1^      >>'»Vp.    i^<J.U.e.fi   0 


66th  Congress,  J  HOUSE  OF  REPRESENTATIVES,  j  Document 

M  Session.      )  j    No.  748. 


DEPARTMENT    OF    THE    INTERIOR 


BULLETIN  ^tjf 

OF  THK  Xl 


UNITED   STATES 


A' 


GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


No.  174 


SURVEY  OF  THE  NORTHWESTERN  BOUNDARY  OF 
THE  UNITED  STATES,  1857-18CI.— Bakkr 


WASHINGTON 

OOVBRNMRNT    PRINTING    OPPIflR 

1900 


1 


Nor 


i» 


^ 


0.^    t^' 


j^trt.  t  ■    ' 


U>x 


A^ 


UNITED   STATICS   GEOLOGICAL    SUUVBY 

(;UAKLKS  1).  WALCOTT,  UIRECTOll 


SURVEY 


OK  TIIK 


Northwestern  Boundary  of  the  United  States 


1857-1861 


BY 


MA^llCUB    33^VK:ER 


;■ 


WASHINGTON 

GOVERNMENT  PRINTING  OFFICE 
1900 


CONTENTS. 


Letter  of  transmittal 7 

IntrfKluction 9 

SourceH  of  infon:  atioii 9 

IvstubliHliineiit  of  the  liiu! 13 

History  of  the  Hnrv«!y 13 

Cost IS 

Maps 19 

Orijriiia!  iiiiuinscni>t  inapH 19 

Preliminary 19 

Final  drawingf" 21 

British  maps 25 

Geographic!  coonlinatoH 27 

Magnetiirs 40 

Elevations 42 

Indian  names 58 

Seientifie  results 61 

ApiKjndix  A.  Mo»lo  of  dctermininj,'  points  on  the  parallel 64 

Ap .  endix  li.  Report  by  J.  (i.  Parke,  November  12,  1859 66 

Appendix  C.  Keixjrt  by  Archibald  Camplxill,  February  3,  18G1) 72 

Index 77 


ILLUSTRATION. 


Pi.ATK  I.  Index  map 


22 


jL>ik.'Ai'^7 


Si 

bull< 

aiyl 

pam 

• 

H 

• 

, 

LETTER  OF  TRANSMITTAL. 


Dki'autment  of  the  Interior, 
United  States  GEOixxiicAii  Survey, 

WaHhimjtfni,  f>.  C,  Juiw  9^  1900. 
Sir:  I  hiive  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith,  for  publication  as  a 
bulletin,  an  account  of  the  establishment  of  and  survey  of  the  bound- 
ary line  ])ctween  the  United  States  and  Canada,  along  the  forty-ninth 
parallel,  from  the  summit  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  the  Pacific. 
Very  respectfully, 

Marcus  Baker,  Cartographer. 
Hon.  Charles  D.  AValcott, 

Director  United  Staters  Geological  Survei/. 


SUR^ 


By  til 

the  boil 
extends 
the  fori 
througli 

boundai 

boimdai 

with  th( 

arbitmt 

deciding 

part  of 

.well  kn< 

I  rial.     T 

I  known. 

gathercc 

tures,  c( 

From 

Executi' 

by  Cong 

Idaho. 

the  surv 

records : 


a  conciiS 
suvve}^  i 
history  i 


These 
three,  vi 

(a)  Gc 
executiv» 


I 


SURVEY  OF  THE  NORTHWESTERN  ROUND- 
ARV  OF  THE  UNITED  HTATES,  J«5M8(il. 

By  Mahcf  '  Bakkk. 


I 


TNTIl<)I)i:CTI(>N. 

By  tho  Northwo.storn  Boiuidury,  as  hcr(»  uHod,  is  meant  that  part  of 
the  bomuljiry  line  between  the  United  States  and  Canada  whieh 
extends  from  tlie  smmnit  of  the  Koeky  Mountains  westward  alonjj 
the  forty-nintli  paraUel  to  the  seacoast  at  Point  Roberts  and  tlienee 
throiigli  the  waters  of  Georgia,  llaro,  and  Juan  de  Fuea  straits  to  the 
PaiuHc.  This  line  naturally  divides  itself  into  two  parts,  the  land 
i)oundary  and  the  water  lioundary.  This  paper  treats  oidy  of  the  land 
boundaiy.  As  to  the  water  boundary,  tho  joint  conunission  eharj^ed 
with  the  survey  disat>reed,  and  its  location  was  finally  determined  by 
arbitration  in  iSTl,  +he  arbiter,  Emperor  William  I,  of  Germany, 
deciding  in  favor  of  the  American  claim.  Tho  prominence  given  thit 
inirt  of  the  lino,  growing  out  of  the  arbitration,  has  made  its  history 
well  known.  In  regard  to  it  there  is  an  a)>undancc  of  printed  mate- 
rial. Tho  history  of  the  land  boundary,  however,  is  very  imperfectly 
known.  Little  has  been  puldished  respecting  it,  and  its  story  is  to  bo 
gathered  hugely  from  manuscript  memoranda,  notes,  sketches,  pic- 
tures, correspondence,  and  the  memories  of  men  still  living. 

From  time  to  time  inforu.iition  respecting  this  line  is  needed  by  the 
Executive  Departments.  In  1897  the  Geological  Survey  Avas  directed 
by  Congress  to  survey  and  mark  the  boundiiry  between  Montana  and 
Idaho.  In  performing  this  duty  it  became  necessary  to  connect  with 
the  survey  of  the  forty-ninth  parallel.  The  search  then  made  of  the 
records  in  the  State  Department  showed  the  desirability  of  preparing 
a  concise  history  of  the  northwestern  boundary,  its  establishment, 
survey,  and  marking,  with  a  summary  of  results.  To  exhibit  such  a 
history  and  summary  is  the  object  of.  this  bulletin. 

SOURCES  O^  INFORMATION. 

The  sources  of  information  from  which  this  account  is  prepared  are 
three,  viz: 

(a)  Government  publications,  consisting  of  tho  Statuteo  at  Large, 
.  executive  documents,  official  reports,  etc. 


10 


NOKTHWKSTKRN    HOUNDAKY    OF    UNITED   STATKS.      [M'u..n\. 


(b)  Manuscript  records  in  the  Stiito  Dcpiirtnient,  consistiii}^  of  the 
original  notebooks,  ol)servations,  computations,  plattings,  sketches, 
maps,  correspondence,  etc. 

(c)  The  memories  of  some  of  the  surviving  participants  in  the  survey. 
These  will  be  discussed  in  the  order  indicated  a))ove. 

(a)  In  the  Statutes  at  Large  are  contained  all  laws  enacted  by  Con- 
gress touching  the  boundary,  including  also  all  the  treaties.  For  the 
original  treaty  of  Juno  15,  1840,  see  vol.  0,  pages  8({!>-!S70;  for  the 
act  creating  the  commission  to  survey  and  mark  the  boundary,  vol.  11, 
page,  42;  for  various  appropriation  acts,  vol.  11,  pages  1:2,  159,  312, 
403,  and  vol.  12,  page  20. 

On  Novcm])cr  12,  185J),  Lieut,  (now  Gen.)  John  G.  Parke,  chief 
astronomer  and  surveyor,  made  a  short  report  of  progress.  This  is  a 
document  of  7  pages  and  is  printed  as  Senate  Ex.  Doc.  No.  1(5,  Thirty - 
sixth  Congress,  first  session.     It  is  here  reprinted  as  Appendix  B. 

Nothing  further,  in  official  documents,  appears  for  nine  years.  The 
civil  war  turned  attention  to  more  urgent  matters  and  this  subject  was 
dropped.  In  Februarj-,  18(58,  however,  President  Johnson  sent  to  the 
Senate  a  long  communication  on  the  San  Juan  boundary  question. 
This  document  (Senate  Ex.  Doc.  No.  20,  Fortieth  Congress,  second 
session)  of  280  pages,  though  dealing  chiefly  with  the  water  boundary, 
nevertheless  throws  considerable  light  on  the  history'  of  the  land 
boundar}'. 

On  January  13,  1869,  the  House  of  Representatives,  by  a  resolution, 
re(|ucsted  information  as  to  expenditures  by  the  Northwestern  Bound- 
ary Commission.  In  response,  a  message  from  President  Johii.i»> » 
was  laid  before  the  House  of  Representatives  on  February  13,  1809. 
(House  Ex,  Doc.  No.  80,  Fortieth  Congress,  third  session.)  This 
document  of  102  pages  is  almost  wholly  given  to  a  detailed  tabular 
exhibit  of  expenditures.  There  is,  however,  a  letter  of  4  pages  from 
the  commissioner,  Hon.  Archibald  Campbell,  summarizing  the  entire 
history  of  the  survey.  This  is  apparently  the  nearest  approach  to  a 
report  on  this  subject  that  has  ever  appeared  in  print.    . 

Finally,  in  1889,  Capt.  George  M.  Wheeler,  U.  S.  A.,  published  in 
his  report  upon  geographical  surveys  west  of  the  one  hundredth 
meridian  (vol.  1,  pp.  614-G19)  a  short  account  of  the  Survey  of  the 
Northwestern  Boundary  of  the  United  States  1857-1861. 

(b)  The  manuscript  records  of  the  survey  are  nearly  all  contained  in 
two  blue  chests  stored  in  the  division  of  manuscripts  in  the  library  of 
the  State  Department.  Some  of  the  maps  being  too  large  to  go  into 
these  chests  are  kept  elsewhere  in  the  library.  The  memorand.i,  notes, 
correspondence,  maps,  etc.,  in  this  collection  arc  the  chief  source  of 
information  from  which  this  account  has  been  prepared.  But  unfor- 
tunately the  most  importjint  document  of  all  Avas  not  found  there,  and 
a  diligent  search  has  failed  to  bring  it  to  light.  This  paper  is  the  final 
report,  written  on  foolscap  paper  and  consisting  of  four  parts,  one  by 


[IU'I.I..17I. 


llAKEIt.] 


SOURCES   Ol-'    INFORMATION. 


11 


ir  of  the 

ft 

ketches, 

1  survey. 

l)y  Con- 
For  the 
;  for  tlie 
,  vol.  U, 
159,  312, 

kc,  chief 
This  is  a 
5,Thirty- 
iix  B. 
irs.  The 
ibject  was 
out  to  the 
question. 
IS,  second 
)oundary, 
the  land 

esolution, 
n  Bound- 
Johii.s*  » 
13,  1801). 
m.)    This 
cd  tabular 
asres  from 
the  entire 
roach  to  a 

Idished  in 

umdredth 

ey  of  I  he 

ntained  in 
library  of 
to  go  into 
idci,  notes, 
source  of 
iut  unfor- 
there,  and 
■is  the  final 
ts,  one  by 


Archibald  Ganipbcll,  the  coniniissionor;  one  by  (ren.  J.   G.  Parke, 

chief  astronoinoi' and  surveyor;  one  ))y  (1.  (Minton  (rardnor,  assistant 

astronomer  and  surveyor,  and  one  l>y  .].  S.  I  [arris,  jjeneral  assistant. 

For  this  descri[)tif)n  of  the  missing  manuscript  I  am  indebted  to  Mr. 

William  J.  Warren,  Bui'eau  of  Engineers,  War  Department.     When 

Captain  Wheeler  was  preparing  his  account  of  this  survey  he  made  an 

unsuccessful  s?arch  for  this  missing  report.     He  says:' 

I  liiivc  biH'ii  uiial>lt' til  trace  the  iiiiinuscript  (if  tlu>  liiuil  rc'ixirt,  inchidiuf?  tliat  of 
the  <'liicf  u.«trnn(iiiicr  an<l  the  sjn'cialiists,  whicli  it  is  helieve<l  wius  made.  .  Aceonhiig 
to  the  .lonrnal  of  the  Senates  of  Feln'uary  H,  1S71,  this  report  v.ius  called  for  by  the 
Senate,  but  a  searcii  of  the  Senate  records  and  also  tiiose  of  the  State  l)ei>artnieiit, 
nuuhi  at  my  rtMiuest  by  Mr.  I)\\if,'lit,  librarian  of  the  State  Department,  remainetl 
nnavailing  on  June  1'),  1SH7.  Mr.  William  .1.  Warren,  seen-tary  of  the  (((nunissioner 
[and]  now  chief  clerk  [in  the  oHice]  of  the  [Chief  <if]  Kngineer[s]  [War]  J)epart- 
ment,  recollects  to  have  seen  the  manuscript  of  this  report  at  the  othce  of  the  North- 
ern boundary  [Survey],  established  in  1873,  as  does  also  Maj.  .T.  K.  <iregory,  Corps 
of  KngineiTs,  a  mend>er  of  that  commission,  but  it  could  not  ]>e  found  by  Mr.  Dwight 
in  the  records  tmnsmitti'd  at  the  trlose  of  tlu^  latter  survey  to  the  State  Department. 

The  s'aich  al)ove  mentioned  I  have  now  repeated  and  with  like 
result.     Tiie  manuscript  has  not  ])een  found. 

The  existence  of  the  manuscript  is  attested  I)}'  Mr.  Warren,  who  gave 
me  the  description  al>ove  written.  The  call  for  it  made  l>y  the  Senate 
in  1871  is  set  forth  in  the  following  extract  from  the  Senate  Journal 
of  Fcl)ruary  J),  1871,  page  254: 

Mr.  Howard  [Jacob  M.,  of  Michigan]  submitted  the  following  resolution,  which 
Wi's  considered  by  unanimous  fonsent,  and  agreed  to: 

'  Jicsohrd ,  That  th»!  President  be  respect  fully  requested,  if  not  incompatible  with 
the  public  interests,  to  transmit  to  the  Senate  copies  of  the  final  report,  and  the 
ai'com[»anying  (iocuments,  of  the  commissioner  on  the  i)art  of  the  United  States  to 
civrry  into  effect  the  first  article  of  the  treaty  witli  Great  Britain  of  June  15,  1846." 

An  examination  of  the  records  in  the  office  of  the  Secretary  of  the 
Senate  reveiils  no  other  entry  concerning  it,  from  which  it  is  concluded 
that  it  was  never  sent.  Similarly  an  examination  of  the  records  in  the 
Index  Bureau  of  the  State  Department  shows  the  call,  but  no  action  is 
indorsed  thereon,  thus  (K)rroborating  the  belief  that  it  was  not  sent. 

When  the  Nortltern.  Boundary  Conunission  was  created,  in  1872, 
Mr.  Archibald  Campbell  was  appointed  United  States  commissioner 
of  that  survey  also.  He  found  at  the  outset  that  it  was  desiralile  to 
have  for  reference  the  records  of  the  Northwestern  Boimdary  Sur^'ey, 
and  accordingly  wrote  to  the  State  Department  asking  permission  to 
withdraw  those  records  for  temporary  use. 

The  following  is  a  copy  of  his  letter,  which  is  now  on  iile  in  the 
Index  Bureau  of  the  State  Department: 

U.  S.  NouTnERN  Boundary  Commission, 

]V<ii>hingtmi,  I).  C,  June  27,  1S73. 
Sir:  In  preparing  for  the  duties  of  the  boundary  (rommissiou  it  would  be  of  the 
greatest  iissistance  to  have  the  use  of  the  records,  notebooks,  and  other  pajjers  of 

'(1.  M.  Whoclcr,  r.  S.  Uedff.  Siirv.  W.  oiu-  Hiiiii1ro<lth  Mur,    i^.    Washiinftoii,  1889,  vol.  1,  ji.  017. 


12 


NOKTH WESTERN   BOUNDARY    OF   UNITED   STATES,      [bull.  174. 


the  Northwest  Boundary  Commission,  deposited  by  me  in  the  Department  at  the 
close  (jf  the  work  in  October,  1869. 

I  have  therefore  the  honor  to  request  that  you  allow  me  to  withdraw  these  records 
and  paiiers  temporarily.  Before  leaving  for  the  field  they  will  be  returned  to  the 
Department. 

I  have  tlie  honor  to  bo,  very  respectfully,  your  oliedient  servant, 

AuciiiBALD  Campbell, 
Commmioner,  Northern  llomulary  Suweif. 
lion.  CiiAs.  Hale, 

Arthiy  Secrt'tar;/  of  Slate. 

Upon  that  letter  is  indorsed:  "Papers,  etc.,  herein  referred  to  sent 
to  Mr.  Campbell  27th  June." 

A  search  of  the  records  of  the  Index  Bureau  of  the  State  Depart- 
ment fails  to  reveal  any  other  entry  touching  these  papers.  If  they 
were  returned  no  record  was  made  of  such  return.  It  is  certain  that 
these  papers  were  in  the  possession  of  the  Northern  Jioundary  Com- 
mission in  1872.  Beyond  that  there  is  no  trace.  It  would  therefore 
be  natural  to  look  for  them  among  the  papers  of  the  Northern  Bound- 
ary Commission,  which  were  sent  to  the  State  Department  on  June 
30,  187().  But  a  search  among  these  papers  made  by  me  in  March, 
1900,  was  unsuccessful.     The  missing  manuscript  was  not  found. 

Prof.  C.  L.  Doolittle,  now  at  the  Flower  Observatory  at  Upper 
Darby,  Pennsylvania,  was  connected  with  the  Northern  Boundary 
Survey.  In  response  to  an  inquiry  as  to  whether  he  had  any  informa- 
tion touching  the  report  desired,  he  writes,  among  other  things,  under 
date  of  March  12,  1900: 

My  connection  with  the  northern  l)oundary  began  after  active  operations  had  lx>cn 
going  on  for  a  year.  We  th'<n  had  our  office  at  Detroit.  After  field  operations  wore 
completed  we  removed  to  Wjishington.  It  is  not  a  great  (ixaggeration  to  say  that  I 
saw  every  mrap  of  pai)er  to  be  foun<l  in  the  Detroit  office.  At  all  events,  this  report 
wan  not  to  be  found  there.  I  rememl)er  hearing  such  a  report  spoken  of,  but  it  was 
then  said  to  l)e  stored  away  with  other  Government  archives  at  Washington. 

(c)  Archibald  Campbell,  the  commissioner,  d'.ed  in  the  city  of  Wash- 
ington July  27, 1887.  To  his  son,  Charles  Campbell,  now  an  employee 
in  the  Department  of  State,  I  am  indebted  for  information  as  to  the  sur- 
vey. I  have  also  conferred  with  Gen.  J.  G.  Parke,  Corps  of  Engi- 
neers, U.  S.  A.  (retired),  who  was  chief  astronomer  and  surveyor  of 
the  Northwestern  Boundary  Survey  Commission,  and  with  Mr.  William 
J.  Warren,  chief  clerk  in  the  office  of  the  Chief  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A., 
who  was  secretary  of  the  commission.  To  })oth  of  these  gentlemen, 
and  especially  to  the  latter,  I  am  indebted  for  information  used  in  pre- 
paring this  account.  Mr.  G.  Clinton  Gardner,  the  assistant  astrono- 
mer and  surveyor  from  1857  to  1868,  is  now  a  civil  engineer  in  Peru, 
South  America,  while  Mr.  Joseph  S.  Harris,  geneml  assistant  North- 
west Boundary  Survey  from  1857  to  1864,  is  now  president  of  the 
Philadelphia  and  Reading  Railroad.  To  both  of  these  gentlemen  I  am 
indebted  for  letters  relating  to  the  boundary  and  its  survey.     I  have 


[BULL.  174. 


BAKER.] 


HISTORY    OF   THE   SURVEY. 


18 


it  at  the 

e  records 
id  to  the 


Survej/. 


also  talked  on  this  subject  with  Mr.  J.  V.  Wurdemann,  now  employed 
in  the  Library  of  Congress,  who  participated  in  the  survey  and  with 
Dr.  Theodore  Gill,  who  prepared  a  report  on  the  tishes  collected  by  the 
survey.  To  the  courtesy  of  these  gentlemen  as  also  to  that  of  Prof. 
C.  L.  Doolittlc,  to  the  Smithsonian  Institution,  to  the  Coast  Survey, 
and  to  the  General  Land  Office  I  am  indebted  for  bits  of  information 
used  in  preparing  this  report. 


I  to  sent 

Depart- 
If  they 
:ain  that 
ry  Com- 
herefore 
I  Bound- 
on  June 
March, 
ind. 

t  Upper 
•oundary 
informa- 
js,  under 

liad  l)eon 

itionw  were 

say  that  I 

UH  report 

>ut  it  was 

)n. 

)f  Wash- 
anployee 
-)  the  sur- 
of  Engi- 
veyor  of 
William 
U.  S.  A., 
ntlemen, 
d  in  pre- 
astrono- 
in  Peru, 
it  North- 
it  of  the 
men  I  am 
I  have 


ESTABliISIIMENT  OF  THE  lilNE. 

The  present  boundary  line  between  British  Columbia  on  the  north 
and  Washington,  Idaho,  and  Montana  on  the  south  was  established  in 
1846.  Prior  to  that  date  the  boundary  was  in  dispute  between  the 
United  States  and  Great  Britain  and  the  Oregon  question  was  a  Imrn- 
ing  one.  Great  Britain  claimed  as  far  south  as  forty-two  degrees 
north  latitude,  the  northern  limit  of  California  to-day.  The  United 
States  claimed  as  far  north  as  54°  40',  the  present  southern  boundary 
of  Alaska.  The  slogan  of  the  day  was  "Fifty-four  forty  or  fight." 
But  there  was  no  fight  and  no  fifty -four  forty.  A  treaty  was  arranged 
by  which  the  disputed  tract  was  divided  between  the  claimants.  The 
boundary  line  adopted  was  the  present  line  along  the  forty-ninth  par- 
ellel  from  the  summit  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  to  the  middle  of  the 
channel  between  Vancouver  Island  and  the  continent  and  thence  south- 
ward along  the  main  channel  and  Juan  de  Fuca  Strait  to  the  Pacific. 

The  diplomatic  agents  who  drew  this  treaty  were,  on  the  part  of  the 
United  States,  James  Buchanan,  then  Secretary  of  State,  and  on  the 
part  of  Great  Britain,  the  then  British  minister,  Richard  Pakcnham, 
The  treaty  was  signed  at  Washington  June  15,  1846,  ratifications 
exchanged  at  London  July  17,  and  proclaimed  AugiLst  5,  1846.* 

The  first  article  of  the  treaty  describes  the  boundaiy  in  the  following 
words: 

From  the  point  on  the  49th  parallel  of  north  latitude,  where  the  boundary  laid 
down  in  existing  treaties  and  conventions  l)etween  the  United  States  and  Great 
Britain  terminates,  the  line  of  boundary  between  the  Territories  of  the  United  States 
and  those  of  Her  Britannic  Majesty  shall  l)e  continued  westward  along  tlie  said 
49th  parallel  of  north  latitutle,  to  the  middle  of  the  channel  which  separates  the 
continent  from  Vancouver's  Island  and  thence  southerly  through  the  middle  of  the 
said  channel,  and  of  Fuca's  [Juan  de  Fuca]  Straits,  to  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

HISTORY  OF  THE  SURVEY. 

«)n  August  11,  1856,  almost  exactly  ten  years  after  the  proclaiming 
of  the  treaty  of  limits,  which  for  brevity  may  be  called  the  Buchanan- 
Pakenham  treaty,  Congress  passed  an  act  to  carry  its  first  article  into 
effect.  This  act  provided  for  the  appointment  of  a  commissioner  and  a 
chief  astronomer  and  surveyor  on  the  part  of  the  United  States  to  unite 

i8tat.L.,vol.9,pi).86l>-8"0:  vol.  11,  p.  42. 


14 


NORTHWESTERN   BOUNDARY    OF    UNITED   STATES,      [bull.  174. 


with  similar  officers  to  l)e  uppointcd  l)y  Great  Britain  to  survey  the, 
})oiindary  and  mark  it  with  monuments.  It  also  provide(^  for  the  ap- 
pointment of  an  assistant  astronomer  and  surveyor,  a  secretary,  and  a 
clerk ;  it  appropriated  $11,000  for  the  annual  salary  of  these  five  officers, 
and  $60,000  for  provisions,  transportation,  and  contingencies;  it  re- 
stricted the  work  to  the  northern  boundary  of  Washington,  which 
then  extended  from  the  Rocky  Mountfiins  to  the  Pacific;  and  finally 
it  authorized  the  President  to  direct  the  employment  of  such  officers, 
assistants,  and  vessels  of  the  Coast  Survey  as  he  might  deem  necessary 
or  useful.  | 

Under  this  law  Mr.  Archibald  Campbell  was  appointed  commis- 
sioner on  February  14,  1857,  and  on  the  same  day  Lieut,  (now  Gen.) 
John  G.  Parke,  Corps  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A.,  was  appointed  chief 
astronomer  and  surveyor,'  each  at  a  salar^'^  of  $3,000  per  annum.  Two 
weeks  later,  viz,  February  28,  1857,  Mr.  G.  Clinton  Gardner  was 
appointed  assistant  astronomer  and  surveyor,  and  on  April  5  entered 
upon  his  duties.  On  April  9  Mr.  William  J.  Warren  (now  chief 
clerk  Office  of  Chief  of  Engineers,  U.  S.  A.)  was  appointed  secretary, 
and  on  March  G  Mr.  John  J.  Major  was  appointed  clerk  to  the  com- 
missioner. Mr.  Campbell  remained  commissioner  to  the  end  in  1869. 
On  the  outbreak  of  the  civil  war,  in  the  spring  of  1861,  General 
Parke  left  the  work  and  never  returned  to  it.  Messrs.  Gardner  and 
Warren  served  Avith  the  commission  until  December  31,  1868,  and 
perhaps  a  little  later. ^     Mr.  Major  resigned  December  9,  1864. 

Of  the  other  principal  employees,  Mr.  Joseph  S.  Harris,  now  presi- 
dent of  the  Philadelphia  and  Heading  Railroad,  is  recorded  as  assis*i».nt 
surgeon  and  naturalist  March  27,  1857,  to  March  31,  1864,  wh- 
left  the  survey  to  engage  in  private  business.  Francis  Herbst  and 
Henry  Custer  served  as  topographers,  the  former  about  two  years 
from  April  16,  1857,  till  March  31,  1859,  the  latter  about  seven  years 
from  April  16,  1857,  till  Juno  30,  1864.  Mr.  J.  Novino  King  served 
as  quartermaster  and  commissary  from  May  21,  1857,  to  January  15, 
1861;  Mr.  George  Gib])H  as  geologist  and  interpreter  from  June  22, 
1857,  till  May  31,  1862,  and  Mr.  R.  V.  Peabody  as  guide  from  August 
1, 1857,  to  January  15, 1861.  Dr.  C.  B.  R.  Kennerl}'  served  as  surgeon 
and  naturalist  from  March  22,  1857,  till  his  death  in  1861.  i 

On  February  28,  1857,  Mr.  Campbell  received  his  instructions  from 
the  Secretary  of  State,  dated  February  25,  whereupon,  he  says,  "I 
proceeded  at  once  to  collect  all  such  information  within  my  roach 
which  might  contribute  to  a  proper  understanding  of  the  meaning  of 
the  language  of  the  treaty,  and  in  the  execution  of  the  work  intrusted 
to  me.'  Having  arranged  with  Professor  Bache,  Superintendent  of  the 
Coast  Survey,  for  the  use  of  the  surveying  steamer  ^c^m'<3  and  the  brig 

1  House  Kx.  P<»c.  No.  8(>,  Fortieth  CoiiKri's,s,  Third  HCKsioii,  ]>.  KX). 
"  Housi"  K.\.  Doc.  No.  H(i,  Forticlli  OoiiKrosN,  Third  .session,  p.  23. 
sSenutc  Ex.  Doc,  No.'-W,  Fortieth  CoiigreBS,  second  soiwiou,  p.  8. 


[BULL.  174. 


BAKER.] 


HISTORY    OP   THE   SURVEY. 


15 


irvcy  the 
)!•  tho  jip- 
,ry,  and  u 

0  officers, 
es;  it  ro- 
m,  which 
id  finally 

1  officers, 
necessary 

commis- 
jow  Gen.) 
ited  chief 
mm.  Two 
dncr  wa.s 
5  entered 
low  chief 
secretary, 

the  com- 
d  in  1869. 
,  General 
irdner  and 
1868,  and 
64. 

low  presi- 
s  assis*i».nt 
,  wh- 

erbst  and 
two  years 
veil  years 
ng  served 
nuary  1.5, 

Juno  22, 
ni  August 
IS  surgeon 

ions  from 
says,  "I 
my  reach 
eaning  of 
intrusted 
ent  of  the 
d  the  brig 


Fauntleroy^  with  the  officers  and  assistants  att^ichod,'  Mr.  C/anip))cll 
sailed  from  Now  York  April  20  and  reached  San  Francisco  via  tho 
Isthmus  of  Panama  on  May  15.  On  June  17  the  party  sailed  on  the 
Actwe  for  Victoria,  where  they  arrived  five  days  later  and  learned 
that  the  first  British  commissioner,  Capt.  James  Charles  Provost, 
R.  N.,  commanding  H.  B.  M.  S.  Satellite,  had  arrived  at  Esquimalt  ten 
days  before.  The  second  British  commissioner  was  Capt.  George 
Henry  Richards,  R.  N.,  whose  ordinary  duties  wore  those  of  chief 
astronomer  and  surveyor,  he  being  empowered  to  act  as  commissioner 
only  in  tho  event  of  the  death  of  Captain  Provost.  Captain  Richards, 
commanding  the  British  steamer  Plumjter,  left  England  at  the  close  of 
March,  1857,  for  Victoria.  By  an  accident  to  tho  Pluni2)er''s  machinery 
ho  was  delayed  at  Rio  do  Janeiro  for  some  time  and  did  not  reach 
Victoria  till  November,  1857.  The  powers  of  these  first  and  second 
British  commissioners  did  not  extend  to  the  whole  lino,  but  onl}-  to  the 
water  boundary.  "  So  much  of  the  boundary  between  her  Majesty's 
possessions  in  North  America  and  the  territories  of  the  United  States 
as  is  comprised  lietween  tho  continent  of  America  and  Vancouver's 
Island.-'     Such  is  the  language  of  the  instructions  to  Captain  Provost. 

Tho  British  and  American  commissioners  held  their  first  meeting  on 
Saturday,  Juno  27,  3857,  on  board  the  Satellite  in  Esquimalt  harbor. 
The  respective  commissions  of  themselves  and  assistants  wore  exhib- 
ited, read,  and  found  in  duo  form.  A  second  meeting  was  held  three 
weeks  later  in  Nanaimo  harlior  on  board  the  Satellite.  Captain  Rich- 
ards not  yet  having  arrived,  it  was  decided  that  nothing  further  could 
be  done  with  the  water-boundary  <juostion. 

Accordingly  tho  American  party  proceeded  to  the  vicinity  of  the 
forty-ninth  parallel  at  Point  Roberts  on  the  mainland  and  began  oper- 
ations on  tho  land  ))oundary.  It  was  not  till  tho  .summer  of  tho  next 
year,  1858,  that  the  British  commissioner  for  surveying  the  land 
l)oundai'v,  Col.  J.  S.  Hawkins,  Royal  Engineers,  arrived  from  ICng- 
land.  The  American  parties  worked,  therefore,  alone  during  the  fall 
and  winter  of  1857  and  spring  of  1858.  ''Before  the  spring  [of  1858] 
four  astronomical  points  on  the  40th  parallel  were  determined,  and 
the  countiy  thoroughly  reconnoitered  in  the  vicinity  of  the  pai'allol, 
for  a  considora])le  distance  eastward."^ 

After  the  arrival  of  Colonel  Hawkins  a  joint  meeting  of  the  com- 
mission was  held  to  arrange  a  plan  of  field  operations  for  surveying 
and  marking  the  line.  The  outcome  of  that  mooting  is  set  forth  in 
the  following  agreement:"^ 

After  tlificussing  plans  for  «letermining  and  marking  the  line  aa  far  eastward  as  the 
Cascade  Mountains,  it  waa  concluded  to  be  inexpedient  at  the  present  time,  in  «'on- 

iFrom  Coast  Sun'oy  Report  for  lfCi7,  p.  IKi,  wo  learn  that,  "At  request  of  State  Department," 
steamer  Active  luid  party,  in  elmrno  of  Llent.  Commander  Uiehard  M.  Cuyler,  U.  S.  N.,  were  ploced  at 
disiwwil  of  Arelitbalil  Campbell,  esq.,  eommisslonerof  the  Northwestern  Boundary  Survey. 

a  House  Ex.  Doc.  No.  86,  Fortieth  Congress,  Third  session,  p.  95. 


16 


NORTHWESTERN   BOUNDARY   OF   UNITED   STATES,      [bull.  171. 


sequence  of  the  great  exiHinso,  conHuiuptioii  of  tiim',  an<l  the  impracticable  nature  of 
the  country,  to  mark  the  whole  boundary  by  cutting  a  track  through  the  ilen.se 
forest. 

It  was  therefore  agreed  to  ascertain  pointH  on  the  line  by  the  determination  of  a.stro- 
nomical  points  at  convenient  intervals  on  or  near  t\w  boundary,  and  to  mark  such 
astronomical  stations  or  points  fixed  on  the  parallel  forming  the  l)ouiidary  by  cut- 
ting a  track  of  not  less  than  20  feet  in  width  on  each  side  for  the  di.stance  of  iialf  a 
mile  or  more,  according  to  circumstances.  Furtlmr,  that  the  l)oundary  be  deter- 
mined and  similarly  marked  where  it  crosses  streams  of  any  size,  permanent  trails, 
or  any  striking  natural  feature  of  the  country. 

In  the  vicinity  of  settlements  on  or  near  the  line  it  is  deemed  advisable  to  cut  the 
track  for  a  greater  distance  and  to  mark  it  in  a  manner  to  be  determined  hereafter. 

This  arrangement  for  the  part  west  of  the  Cascades  appears  to  have 
been  subsequently  applied  to  the  whole  line;  and  thus  it  resulted 
that  of  the  entire  boundary,  409.5  miles  long,  from  the  l)oundary 
station  on  the  crest  of  the  Rocky  Mountains  westward  to  the  obelisk 
on  the  western  side  of  Point  Rol)erts,  100  miles  were  (beared  and 
marked  and  220  miles  wore  not  traced  out,  cleared,  surveyed,  or 
marked.  These  figures  are  obtained  by  scaling  off  from  the  final 
maps. 

At  the  end  of  the  season  of  1858  the  line  had  been  reconnoitered  east- 
ward as  far  as  the  valley  of  the  Skagit,  near  the  one  hundred  and 
twenty-first  meridian,  a  distance  of  about  00  miles,  and  the  astronom- 
ical observations  necessar}'  for  deteiinining  three  points  on  the  parallel 
in  the  valley  of  the  Chiloweyuck  completed. 

In  the  season  of  1859  the  work  of  surveying  and  marking  the 
boundary  was  carried  eastward  from  the  valley  of  the  Skagit  to  the 
Columbia  River,  a  distance  of  about  150  miles.  General  Parke,  Avrit- 
ing  November  12,  1850,  thus  summarizes  the  work  done  during  the 
season : 

A  completion  of  the  determination  and  uuirking  of  the  parallel  from  three  jioints 
astronomiially  fixed  at  the  close  of  the  last  season. 

A  complete  set  of  observations  for  latitude  at  four  stations,  from  which  the  par- 
allel has  been  determined  and  marked  at  the  crossings  of  the  following  streams:  The 
Skagit,  Pasayten,  Similkamecn,  Okinakane  (I^ike  Osoyoos),  and  Nehoiali)itkwu; 
and  before  the  Jistronomical  parties  leave  the  field  the  necessary  observations  will 
be  completed  for  determining  two  other  points  of  tiie  parallel,  the  third  crossing  of 
the  Nehoialpitkwu  and  the  Columbia  liiver. 

A  chronometer  trip  for  difference  of  longitude;  betwci  ii  Camp  Simiabnioo  and 
Chiloweyuck  depot. 

Observations  of  the  transit  of  the  moon  and  moon-culminating  ntars  at  two  of  the 
latitude  stations  for  absolute  longitude. 

A  triangulation  covering  an  .area  of  about  50  scpiare  miles. 

A  survey  of  the  nearest  practical  lines  to  the  parallel,  connecting  the  astronotnical 
stations,  making  a  total  distance  chained  of  about  370  miles. 

Reconnoissances  for  developing  the  topography  along  and  adjacent  to  the  boundary 
line,  and  for  locating  routes  of  conununication.  These  reconnoissances  have  extended 
over  an  area  of  about  6,000  square  miles. 

A  full  set  of  magnetic  observations  were  made  at  one  station,  and  throughout  the 
work  all  the  necessary  observations  for  time,  azimuth,  micrometer  value,  and 
instrumental  corrections  were  carefully  made. 


i 


I 


[UUM..171. 


UAKKIt.] 


HIHTOHY    OK    TlIK    SUUVKV 


17 


Ic  nature  of 
the  (leii.se 

on  of  lustro- 
iimrk  Huch 
ary  l)y  ent- 
ice of  lialf  a 
y  be  (leter- 
nent  trails, 

o  to  cut  the 
[I  hereafter. 

i-H  to  have 
t  resulted 
l)Oundary 
he  obelisk 
3ared  and 
veyed,  or 
the  linal 

tered  oast- 
iidred  and 
astronom- 
hc  parallel 

rking  the 
git  to  the 
irko,  writ- 
uring  the 

three  poiiitw 

ieh  the  par- 
^reanis:  The 

)ialpitk\vii; 
vatioiiH  will 

erosHiiig  ol 

aliiiKH)  and 
two  (if  the 


Htroiioiiiical 

e boundary 
'e  extended 

Uf^hout  the 
value,  and   , 


I 


In  the  season  of  1860  the  surveyinj^'  and  inarkin<>f  of  the  entin*  land 
boundary  was  nearly  or  quite  completed.  I  have  not  found  any 
statement  as  to  just  when  the  Held  work  ended.  The  Auditor's 
accounts  indicate  that  a  considerable  luunber  of  laborers,  axmen, 
packers,  etc.,  were  em[)loyed  durinj^  1801,  of  whom  22  were  dis- 
charj^ed  on  March  81  and  14  on  fFune  80.  Others  received  their  final 
pay  at  various  dates  in  IS()1,  the  latest  beinj»"  in  September,  (leneral 
Parke,  who  came  out  with  the  last  party,  tells  me  that  on  reachinjj 
the  Columbia  Plains  he  heard  of  the  first  battle  of  Bull  Riui.  .  It  seems 
to  nie  likely,  therefore,  that  the  field  work  closed  late  in  1800  or  early 
in  1801.  Durinj^  this  season,  then,  the  surveyinj^  and  markinjr  of  the 
line  was  carried  on  over  a  distance  of  170  miles — between  the  suuunit 
of  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  the  Columbia  River. 

As  to  the  disbanding  of  the  field  parties  and  their  return  to  Wash- 
ington we  gather  some  facts  from  the  Auditor's  accounts,  so  often 
cited  here.  It  appears  that  all  returned  via  the  Tsthnms  of  Panama, 
the  fare  ])eing  $258  from  San  Francisco  to  New  York  and  $7.50  from 
New  York  to  Washington.  Conmiissioner  Campbell,  Secretary  War- 
ren, Geologist  Gibbs,  and  Artist  Alden  left  the  field  November  25, 
1800,  and  reached  Washington  January  10,  1801,  the  journej'^  taking 
forty-six  days.  Henry  Custer,  Charles  T.  Gardner,  T.  Hudson,  and 
James  Noone}-^  left  the  field  April  30,  1801,  andG.  Clinton  Gardner  on 
May  10,  1801.  All  these  came  direct  to  Washington.  Finally,  in  the 
lastcjuarterof  1801  (exact  date  not  given).  General  Parke,  J.  S.  Harris, 
J.  V.  Wurdemann,  and  John  »!.  Major  returned  to  Washington.  With 
these  returning  parties  came  instruments,  records,  collections,  bag- 
gage, etc.  There  is  a  charge  for  freight  on  "  41  packages  instruments 
and  baggage"  and  "24  boxes  natural-history  specimens." 

Arrived  in  Washington,  the  couunission  rented  rooms  and  estal)- 
lished  an  office  over  a  store  at  the  SE.  corner  of  Peiuisjdvania  avenue 
and  Twentieth  street  NW.,  and  there  proceeded  with  the  plattings, 
computations,  drawing  of  maps,  and  pi-eparation  of  the  final  report. 
The  scientific  reports  appear  to  have  been  completed  iiv  18()2  and  the 
drawing  of  the  final  maps,  at  least  of  the  land  l)oundary,  late  in 
1805  or  <nirly  in  1800.  The  work  upon  the  report,  however,  con- 
tinued, and  there  began  to  be  some  good-natuied  raillery  as  to  when 
it  would  be  conipleted.  Finally,  on  January  18,  180t>,  the  House  of 
Representatives,  by  a  resolution,  ivijuested  information  as  to  expendi- 
tures on  account  of  the  Northwestern  Boundary  Survey.  The  reply 
to  that  request  has  furnished  the  ('hief  source  of  information  for  this 
history.'  In  October,  180J*,  the  work  was  brought  to  a  close  and  the 
results  deposited  in  the  State  Department.  But  the  report,  unfortu- 
nately, was  not  published,  and  the  manuscript  has  for  many  years 


'  House  Kx.  Doc.  No.  80,  Fortieth  Congress,  third  session. 


Bull.  174- 


-<■! 


18 


NORTHWESTERN    BOUNDARY    <*V   TTNITKH    STATES.      [mn.i.lTl.       bakeb 


been  lost  to  view.  Itw  whereabouts  arc  wtill  unknown.  The  roa-son  it 
WOH  not  published,  I  am  informed,  in  that  Mr.  Fish,  Secretary  of  State 
at  that  time,  deemed  its  publication  too  expensive.  The  war  had 
brought  a  mountain  of  debt,  and  under  these  conditions  he  refused 
to  sanction  so  costly  a  publication. 


COST. 

The  total  cost  of  surveying  and  marking  the  line,  including  all 
expenses,  was  about  !^<)00,000,  or  $1,463  per  mile.  The  first  appropria- 
tion for  the  work,  made  August  11, 1856,  was  $71,000.  This  and  the 
subsequent  appropriations  arc  as  follows: 

ApprojmeUioiis  for  unrveifing  ami  marhiny  (he  iHrnnilary  alouy  the  fvHy-idnth  jMintUd, 
between  the  United  Slates  and  the  BrUiah  l'o»aesiiiuns,  from  the  liockij  MuuiUuhi^  to  tlif 
Pacific  Ocean. 


Date. 

Fixed 
salaries. 

Other 
expenses. 

TotJiI. 

Autliorlty. 

August  11, 1856 

February  7, 1857 

June  5, 1858 

March  3, 1859 

May  26, 1860 

Total 

$11,000 
11,000 
11,000 
11,000 
11,000 

««30,000 

60,000 

60,000 

139, 000 

139,000 

$71,000 

71,000 

71,000 

150,000 

150,000 

Stat.  L.,  vol.  11,  p.  42. 
Stat.  L.,  vol.  11,  pp.  159-lW). 
Stat.  L.,  vol.  11,  p.  312. 
Stat.  L.,  vol.  11,  pp.  403-404. 
Stat.  L.,  vol.  12,  pp.  20-21. 

55,000 

458,000 

513,000 

The  amount  actually  expended  somewhat  exceeded  this  sum,  aggre- 
gating nearly  $600,000. 

In  response  to  the  House  resolution  of  January  13,  1869,  above 
referred  to,  Mr.  Seward,  then  Secretary  of  State,  transmitted,  on 
February  9,  1869,  a  detailed  reply,  consisting,  in  the  main,  of  a  state- 
ment by  Mr.  C.  M.  Walker,  then  Fifth  Auditor  of  the  Treasury 
Department,  of  "disbursements  on  account  of  Northwest  Boundary 
Survey  from  February  14,  1857,  to  December  31,  1868.'"  The  total 
expenditures  in  that  period  were  for — 

Salaries $385,508.78 

Contingent  expenses 209, 724. 25 

Total 595,233.03 

Most  of  these  were  made  in  the  five  years  1857  to  1861,  inclusive. 
After  the  latter  year  a  small  oflSce  was  maintained  in  Washington  at 
an  annual  rental  of  $250,  which,  with  various  minor  items,  entailed  an 
annual  expense  of  from  $1,200  to  $1,400.  The  work  was  finally 
closed  up  and  the  records  deposited  in  the  State  Department  in  Octo- 
ber, 1869.' 

» House  Ex.  Doc.  No.  86,  Fortieth  Congres.s,  tliird  session,  102  pp. 

s  Letter  from  Archibald  Campbell  to  Acting  Secretary  of  State,  June  27, 1872. 


KS.         [llltl.I,.171.  BAKER.) 


MAPS. 


19 


'ho  reason  it 
4iry  of  Stwto 
he  war  had 
J  he  refused 


ncludin^  all 
it  appropria- 
rhis  and  the 


il-vitith  pantUd, 
(ouiUiiiiM  lo  tlir 


trlty. 


,1>.42. 

,  pp.  i5n-i()0. 

,p.312. 

,  pp. 403-404. 

!,  pp.  20-21. 


sum,  aggre- 

1869,  above 
suiitted,  on 
of  a  state- 
le  Treasury 
Boundary 
The  total 


,  508.  78 
,  724. 25 


■5 


233. 03 

inclusive. 

shington  at 

entailed  an 

was  finally 

nt  in  Octo- 


L872. 


For  the  prcpamtion  of  scientitif  reports  on  niagnetii's,  niainnials, 
birds,  tishesj  plants,  insects,  fossils,  etc.,  including  the  making  of 
drawings,  there  was  expended  about  $3,600 '  and  for  the  drawing  of 
the  final  maps  about  $9,400. 

For  building  the  initial  monument  at  Point  Roberts  was  paid 
$7,590.38,  one-half  of  which  was  paid  by  the  United  States  and  one- 
half  by  Great  Britain.^ 

The  cost  to  the  British  Government  of  running  and  marking  the 
boundary  line  I  have  not  found.  A  single  item  bearing  on  the  mattei* 
is  contained  in  Parliamentary  Papers,  1803,  volume  37,  page  287 
(55-v),  where  there  is  "An  estimate  of  the  sum  re^pilrcd  to  be  voted 
in  the  year  ending  March  31,  1804,  to  complete  the  expenses  of  sur- 
veying the  lino  of  boundary  between  tiie  British  and  United  States 
territory  in  the  western  part  of  North  America,  4,300  pounds." 

While  the  boundary  survey  was  going  forward  theie  Avas  another 
independent  exploration  by  the  British  in  progress  in  the  region,  under 
the  direction  of  Capt.  John  Palliser.  Early  in  1857  the  president  of 
the  Royal  Geographical  Society  reconnnended  to  the  British  foreign 
office  that  a  grant  of  £5,000  bo  voted  to  cover  the  expense  of  two 
years'  exploration  along  the  forty-ninth  and  fifty-third  parallels  and 
between  tho  one  hundredth  and  one  hundred  and  fifteenth  meridians.-' 
This  sum  wa«  voted  and  Liter  on  i;i,.500  additional,  to  continue  the 
work  one  year  more,  making  three  jears  in  all.  Among  the  estimates 
for  the  year  ending  March  31,  1861,  is  an  item  of  .€0,300  for  com- 
pleting Palliser's  explorations.  The  results  of  Fuiliser's  work,  his 
route  of  travel,,  etc.,  are  set  forth  in  the  tlournal  of  the  Royal 
Geographical  Society  of  London,  1859,  volume  29,  pages  xcvii-c;  and 
1860,  volume  30,  pages  267-314. 

?  MArs. 

ORIGINAL  MANUSCRIPT  MAPS. 

Two  large  blue  chests  in  the  manuscript  room  at  the  State  Depart- 
ment contain  the  original  observations,  computations,  sketches,  notes, 
etc.,  relating  to  the  Northwestern  Boundary  Survey.  They  do  not 
contain  tho  final  maps,  these  being  kept  among  the  treaty  maps.  They 
do,  however,  contain  the  following  manuscript  map  material,  which 
may  bo  classified  as  preliminary  and  final: 

;  Preliminai'y. — First.  Several  rolls  of  rough  sketches  of  reconnois- 
\  sances,  triangulation,  trails,  office  plattings,  field  sketches,  etc.,  on 
rough  paper,  drawing  paper,  tracing  linen,  and  tracing  paper.  Some 
of  this  is  original  field  material  identified  by  title,  date,  and  signature. 
Much  of  it,  however,  is  of  the  nature  of  office  studies,  plattings,  etc., 
which  served  a  temporary  purpose  and  is  no  longer  of  value. 

1  House  Ex.  Doc.  No.  86,  Fortieth  Congress,  third  session,  p.  101, 

s  Same,  p.  97. 

3  Parliamentary  Papers,  1857,  vol.  26,  p.  29  (38-vii-sess.  2). 


20 


NORTH WErtTKRN    KOUNDAKY    OF   UNITED   8TATKS.      [Biu.ni. 


Hccoiul.  There  i.s  a  hciIoh  of  lU  sheets  on  tracing  linen  eovn'rinj,'  the 
entire  line  from  the  .sea  coast  eastward  to  the  Rocky  Mountains.  These 
sheets  aro  numbered  from  west  to  east,  1  to  lU.  Each  sheet  except 
the  first  embraces  30'  of  lonj^itude  and  from  15'  to  25'  of  latitude. 
Sheet  2,  for  example,  includes  from  128^  to  122^  80';  sheet  3,  longitude 
122°  30'  to  122^,  while  sheet  li>,  the  easternmost  of  the  series,  incUides 
longitude  111°  30'  to  114°.  The  relief  is  shown  by  broken  horizontal 
curves.  The  scale  \»  not  stated,  but  the  parallels  and  meridians  enable 
us  to  infer  that  it  is  1: 0-IOOO,  or  about  1  mile  to  1  inch.  These  sheets 
bear  no  title,  no  legend,  no  date,  and  no  names. 

Third.  There  is  a  scries  of  five  manuscript  maps  (not  numbered)  on 
a  scale  of  1:120000,  showing  the  entire  line  from  the  sea  coast  to  the 
Rocky  Mountains,  They  appear  to  bo  unfinished  drafts.  Relief  is 
shown  ])y  contours  in  green,  trails  in  red,  and  there  are  a  few  nam(\s. 
They  are  drawn  on  backed  drawing  paper.  None  of  them  have 
legends  or  titles,  or  names  of  draftsmen  or  any  authority.  They 
contain  no  dates.  The}^  appear  to  bo  compilations  from  original 
sketches,  notes,  and  surveys.  The}'  are  not  numbered.  Beginning 
at  the  west  end  of  the  line,  the  sheets  cover  the  following  areas:  The 
first  sheet  covers  from  latitude  48°  40'  to  41)°  25',  and  from  longitude 
123°  20'  to  120°  50',  being  30  inches  high  and  01  inches  wide.  The 
second  sheet  covers  from  latitude  48°  33'  to  40°  35',  and  from  longi- 
tude 121°  15'  to  119°  12',  being  38  inches  high  and  50  inches  wide. 
The  third  sheet  covers  from  latitude  48°  30'  to  49°  18',  and  from  lon- 
gitude 119°  35'  to  117°  40',  being  29  inches  high  and  50  inches  wide. 
The  fourth  sheet  covers  from  latitude  47°  35'  to  49°  10',  and  from 
longitude  117°  50'  to  114°  40',  being  59  inches  high  and  55  inches  wide. 
Owing  to  its  inconvenient  size  this  sheet  has  been  cut  into  two  pieces 
along  the  parallel  of  48°  21'.  The  meridians  aro  erroncousl}'  num- 
bered. The  fifth  sheet  covers  from  latitude  48°  15'  to  49°  35',  and 
from  longitude  116°  08'  to  113°  13',  being  50  inches  high  and  71  inches 
wide.  This  map  also  has  been  cut  into  two  pieces  along  the  meridian 
of  114°  55'.  Like  the  preceding,  the  meridians  arc  erroneously  num- 
bered. Owing  to  its  size,  this  roll  of  maps  is  not  kept  with  the  other 
material  in  the  chests  above  mentioned. 

Fourth.  There  is  an  unfinished  manuscript  map,  in  two  sheets,  on 
unmounted  drawing  paper,  covering  the  entire  line  from  the  sea  coast 
to  the  Rocky  Mountains.  It  includes  latitude  47°  to  50°  and  longi- 
tude 113°  30'  to  125°,  is  on  the  conic  projection,  and  is  projected  on 
the  one  hundred  and  nineteenth  as  the  central  meridian.  The  eastern 
part  includes  longitude  113°  30'  to  119°,  the  western  119°  to  125°. 
The  scale  is  not  stated,  but  appears  to  be  1 :  GOIOOO.  There  is  no  title, 
no  date,  no  signature.  It  is  an  outline  map,  no  relief  being  shown. 
The  camps  are  shown,  but  the  boundary  monuments  arc  not. 


1      Index 
.  Boundar 


j 


IT 


(iu'i.i..l7l. 


IIAKKR.] 


MAl>fl. 


21 


iM'inj;  tho 
^.  These 
»t  except 
latitude, 
longitude 
,  inrUides 
lorizontal 
ms  enable 
i3se  sheets 

il>ored)  on 
list  to  tho 

Relief  is 
»w  names, 
hem  have 
y.  They 
1  original 
Beginning 
ireas:  The 

longitude 
idc.  The 
•om  longi- 
ches  wide. 

from  lon- 
ches  wide. 

and  from 
che.s  wide, 
two  pieces 
)U8ly  num- 
J°  35',  and 
i  71  inches 
e  meridian 
3usly  num 
1  the  other 


I-   » 


sheets,  on 
le  sea  coast 
and  longi- 
ojected  on 
'he  eastern 
o  to  125°. 
}  is  no  title, 
ing  shown, 
ot. 


Fifth.  The  foregoing  four  groups  T  have  called  preliminary  maps. 
There  is,  however,  a  fifth  group,  a  set  of  seven  tiacings,  which  have 
an  oflicial  character  Avhich  places  theni  in  a  difl'crent  category.  These 
seven  ti'acings,  on  tracing  linen,  are  on  a  scale  of  1  :  120000,  a'*e  num- 
bered from  west  eastward,  and  each  sheet  includes  1*^  20'  of  longitude 
and  80'  of  latitude,  l>eing  15'  on  each  side  of  tho  forty-ninth  parallel. 
Sheet  1,  the  westernmost,  includes  longitude  123'^  10'  to  121^^  50'; 
sheet  2,  121'^  50'  to  120"^  30',  and  so  on;  and  sheet  7,  the  eastei-nmost, 
115^  10'  to  113  '  50'.  On  these  maps  are  shown  trails,  camps,  caches, 
monuments,  and  names;  the  relief  also  is  shown  by  red  contour  lines. 

Sheet  1  has  the  following  legend: 

Tnu'injjH  miin])t'rin>^  from  1  tf»  7,  Hhowinp  tlic  topojjraphy,  iiamoH,  and  HcaloH 
adopted  l)y  the  liritisiraiid  United  States  Boundary  ConuniwHionH  for  their  final  iiiaiw, 
liy  order  of  the  coninuHHioncrH. 

R.  W.  IlAui, 
C(ipl'n  7?7  ArCj/,  Axir.  liritlsh  Committ^n. 
(i.  Cmntov  (Jaudnku, 
AmU  Anlr.  and  Snrv.,  U.  S.  ]i.  ('. 
Wasiiinciton  City,  May  .10,  1SG3. 

Final  (Irawiiu/s. — The  final  original  manuscript  maps  resulting  from 
the  survey  are  thirteen  in  number.  To  this  should  be  added  the  title 
page,  making  fourteen  dmwings.  They  are  beautifully  drawn  on 
"smooth  antiquarian"  drawing  paper,  backed  with  umslin,and  bound 
with  blue  ])raid.  The  sheets  are  of  uniform  size,  being  30  inches  high 
and  42  inches  wide.  They  are  kept  among  the  treaty  maps  in  the  library 
of  the  Department  of  Stjite.  They  are  drawn  wholly  in  black  and  show 
trails,  timber,  camps,  monuments,  etc.  Topogmphy  is  show  a  by 
hachures.  The  scale  of  the  ten  detailed  maps  is  1 :  120000,  or  1.80  miles 
to  1  inch:  of  the  two  general  maps  1: 720000,  or  11.37  miles  to  1  inch, 
and  of  the  index  map  1: 1200000,  or  18.04  miles  to  1  inch.  This  series 
of  drawings  was  obviously  planned  to  form  an  atlas.  Of  this  the  con- 
tents would  be: 

1.  Title. 

2.  Index  map  showing  location  of  ten  detailed  Hheets. ' 

3.  General  map,  eastern  section. 

4.  General  nm]>,  Avestern  section. 

5.  Detailed  sheets  numbered  1  to  7  (from  ca.st  to  west),  showinj?  land  boundary. 

6.  Detailed  sheets  numbered  8  to  10,  showing  water  lx)undary. 

The  title  is  as  follows: 

Maps  of  the  Boundary  between  the  United  States  and  the  British  Possessions  as 
established  by  the  treaty  of  Washington,  June  15,  1846.  Surveyed  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  Joint  Commission  appointed  to  carry  into  effect  the  First  Article  of  the 
Treaty. 

The  index  map  is  entitled: 

Index  Map  showing  the  limits  of  the  detailed  sheets  of  the  II.  S.  North  Western 
Boundary  Survey. 


'  The  iiltttu  which  accompiuiles  this  bulletin  is  a  copy,  on  ii  reduced  scale,  of  this  map. 


22 


NORTHWESTERN    BOUNDARY   OF   UNITED  8TATE8.     (bitm..174. 


Tho  general  map  (wcstorn  soetion)  haw  outside  the  border  the  legend 
"  U.  S.  North  We,st  Boundary  Survey,  Archil)ald  Caniplwll,  IT.  S. 
Comniissioner;  John  (J.  Parke,  U.  S.  Eng.,  Chief  Astr.  and  Sur- 
veyor."   Tho  title  is  as  follows: 

Map  of  Weatern  Section.  From  notes  l)y  John  G.  Parke,  U.  S.  Engineorfl,  Chief 
AHtr.  antl  Survi'yor,  G.  Clinton  (iardner,  AhmH  AHtr.  an«l  Surveyor,  and  .laH.  S. 
Harris,  Henry  CiiHter,  Chu8.  T.  (Jardner,  Georjye  ii'Mm,  Francia  Huduon  and  R.  V. 
Pealxxly,  Ass'ts  U.  S.  Boundary  Survey. 

Compiled  and  drawn  hy  Lemuel  1).  Williamn,  Theodor  Kolecki,  and  Kdward 
Freehold.  By  order  of  V.  S.  ComininMioner.  (Sipned)  G.  Clinton  (Jardner,  AHH't 
Astr.  and  Surveyor,  U.  S.  Boundary  Survey,  Ollice  Washington  D.  C.  1860.  Scale 
1: 720000  or  ll.:}7  miles  to  one  inch. 

This  map  incrludes  from  longitude  118°  to  125,°  and  the  eastern  sec- 
tion, l)earing  a  similar  title,  includes  from  longitude  110°  to  118°.* 

The  detiiiled  sheets  showing  the  land  boundary,  numbered  1  to  7, 
are  signed  "  Jno.  G.  Parke,  Major  of  Engrs.,  Brevet  Major  General, 
U.  S.  A.,  Chief  Astr.  and  Surv.  Archibald  Campbell,  U.  S.  Com- 
missioner, etc.  etc.  etc.  and  J.  S.  Hawkins,  Colonel  ll'l  Eng'rs.,  H.  B. 
M.  Connuissioner."    Tho  date  of  signing  is  recorded  as  May  7,  1869. 

The  detailed  sheets  showing  the  water  boundary,  numbered  8  to  10, 
have  no  titles,  })ut  each  has  the  following  written  upon  it:  '*That 
part  of  the  boundary  line  described  in  the  treaty  of  Juno  15,  1846, 
between  the  continent  and  Vancouver  Island  not  agreed  upon  by  tho 
Joint  Commission."  These  arc  signed  bj'  John  G.  Parke  and  Archibald 
Campbell.  They  do  not  ]>car  the  signature  of  anj'  member  of  H.  B.  M. 
Commission.    The  date  of  signing  is  November  3,  1869. 

Of  these  final  maps,  the  seven  detailed  sheets  showing  the  land 
boundary  have  been  photolithographed  and  a  small  edition  printed. 
Just  when  they  were  n'int«d  or  how  large  tho  edition  I  have  not 
learned.  These  photoli>  ographs  are  on  dou])lo  the  scale  of  the  origi- 
nal (i.  e.,  1:60000).  The>  'ere  printed  by  the  No w  York  Lithograph- 
ing, Engraving,  and  Printi.  •  Company,  Julius  Bien,  superintendent. 
The  sheets  are  ninubercd  f  roi  '  east  to  west,  and  the  seventh  or  western- 
most bears  the  following  title. 

Photo-lithograi>hic  Copy  of  the  detaileil  maps  of  the  North  West  Boundary  from 
Point  Roberta  to  the  Rocky  Mountains  between  the  United  States  and  the  British 
Possessions  under  the  Treaty  of  June  15th,  1846,  showing  Monuments,  Cuts,  and 
other  Marks.  Archibald  Cami)l>ell,  IT,  S.  Comr.  N.  W.  Boundary  Survey.  Scale 
1  "COOOO  (enlarged  to  twice  the  scale  of  original  drawings) .  Photo-lith.  by  New  York 
Litho'g  Engrav'g  and  Print'g  Co.,  Julius  Bien,  Sup't. 

The  sheets  are  printed  wholly  in  black,  are  28  inches  high  by  71 
inches  wide  and  printed  in  two  pieces.  Relief  is  shown  by  hachures 
and  timber  by  the  usual  convention.     Boundary  marks  are  shown  by 

iln  the  library  of  tho  Coast  nnd  Geodetic  Survey  I  huve  hcuii  a  photograph  of  this  western  sheet. 
It  is  a  pale  and  faded  copy,  18  by  24  inches,  was  made  by  Alexander  Gardner,  and  is  on  a  scale  of 
1: 1070000,  or  about  17  miles  to  1  inch. 


(BUM..  174. 

;ho  legend 

?1I,  U.  S. 

and  Sur- 

noors,  Chief 
and  Ja«.  S. 
I  and  R.  V. 

ind  Edward 
irdner,  Ahh'I 
1800.    Scale 

astern  sec- 
)  118°.' 
red  1  to  7, 
r  General, 
.  S.  Coin- 
fr.s.,H.  B. 
ly  7,  1869. 
ed  8  to  10, 
it:  "That 

0  15,  1846, 
pon  by  the 
[  Archibald 
)f  H.B.M. 

V  the  land 
)n  printed. 

1  have  not 
f  the  origi- 
.lithograph- 
rintendent. 
or  western- 

oundary  from 
d  tlie  British 
ite,  Cuta,  and 
lurvey.  Scale 
by  New  York 

high  by  71 
by  hachures 
e  shown  by 

lis  western  sheet, 
d  Is  on  a  scale  of 


118* 


iETS  OF  TH 
7£ 


U.S.  GEOLOGICAL  SURVEY 


IS. 
II"- 

S. 
V. 

ir.1 

HH't 
kali' 


liil, 
m- 
JH. 

Pi). 

10, 

lilt 
M5, 
Iho 
lid 
VI. 

liid 

Hi 

hot 

|o"i- 

■  .'"^ 

if 

hit. 


p'om 
ItiHh 
land 
rale 
I  ork     , 

71 

iros 

leet,     J 

lllt3  Ol      ^ 


124" 


iL'a" 


12 1" 


120° 


ir 


i> 


K 


Ef 


V^l!,* 


\ 


.   'V  V^r^tv    i-    -i  Sheet  1^0  i 


Pt.Bob 


r  r^ 


4 


%:^l 
-^^ 


•o^,-■; 


"■#"''6^ 


8' 


* 


'^         Bh(?etNoi^ 


..*r' 


'       St 


't 


U.-y^ 


>--^ 


j....i 


•.•1 


V, 


ItM 


V, 


& 


vll^V 


rf 


•-i 
I 
I 


'^''^    '^■•. 


(^'■s-.  f'Nisqually  k-_ 


t^... 


W 


ii 


1 ; 


I[ 


a 


Kj 


© 


i2;i° 


122" 


121" 


120° 


Heduced  ft-om  Original  Mimuaoript  in  State  Depai'tmoiit 


TNDKX  M.:\P  SHOWING  THE  LIMITS  OF  THE  1 

U.  S. NORTH  WESTERN  HOITN 

SouIp  of  StHtiito  MileH 
10*  H  4  2  0  10  an  no  «>  so  mo  > 


BULLETIN   No.  174  PL.  I 


HE  LIMITS  OF  THE  Dr^ri'/MLED  SHEETS  OF  THE 

WESTERN  BOUNDARY  SIJRM^ri' 

Sculp  of  KlHtiiU>Milt<M 

20  no  40  to  MO  10  HO  mi  UMUiLKH 


JULIU.H  BItN  a  CD  LI'H    N  Y 


in    i 

In.   I 


■mh 


UAKKll.] 


MAPS. 


23 


l)lack  circles  unaccompanied  b}'  names  or  any  designations.  Of  these 
maps  I  have  seen  copies  in  the  Library  of  Congress,  in  the  Geological 
Survey,  in  the  General  Land  Office,  in  the  Office  of  the  Chief  of  Engi- 
neers, and  in  the  State  Department.  Some  of  these  are  numbered 
and  others  not.  Could  there  have  been  two  editions?  These  sheets 
cover  less  territory  than  the  originals.  They  show  the  belt  of  topog- 
raphy, ])ut  omit  the  signatures  and  legends,  if  indeed  there  were  any 
on  the  copy  furnished  the  lithographer.  The  copy  in  the  State  Depart- 
ment has  a  clear,  strong  red  line  along  portions  of  the  boundary  and 
under  the  title  (sheet  7)  has  the  following  in  the  draftsman's  hand: 

Note.— The  red  lines  indicate  the  portions  of  the  boundary  actually  surveyed  and 
marked  by  vistas  cut  through  the  forest  and  monuments  of  stone. 

In  the  General  Land  Office  there  is  a  photographic  copy  of  the 
detailed  sheets  dated  1866,  on  which  are  lines  similar  to  the  red  ones 
above  mentioned.  As  to  this  photographic  copy  we  have  the  follow- 
mg  statement  made  by  Mr.  Campbell  in  a  letter  to  the  Secretary  of 
State,  dated  February  3,  1869:^ 

^  In  collating  the  results  of  the  survey  *  *  *  complete  maps  on  a  large  soale 
[were]  made  of  the  entire  boundary  and  the  adjacent  country.  A  general  map  has 
also  l)oen  made,  showing  the  extent  of  the  country  traversed.  And  to  facilitate  the 
survey  of  the  public  lands,  photographic  duplicates  of  the  detiiiled  sheets  showing 
each  monument  on  the  boundarv  line,  with  its  geographical  position,  were  furnished 
to  the  General  Land  Office. 

1  I  have  examined  these  photographs  in  the  General  Land  Office. 
There  are  four  of  them,  each  20  by  70  inches  in  size,  and  each  com- 
posed of  several  separate  photographs,  which  have  been  joined 
together,  mounted  on  cloth,  and  bound  with  blue  braid.  A  special 
titVe  was  prepared  and  photographed  for  each  of  these  four  maps. 
The  title  of  the  easternmost  sheet  is  as  follows: 

Photographic  Sketch  of  the  detailed  Maps  of  the  Boundary  between  the  United 
States  and  the  British  Possessions,  showing  the  Monuments  from  Mooyie  and  Yah'k 
Divide  to  Itochj  Mountain  Divide.  Mapped  under  the  direction  of  the  United  States 
North  West  Boundary  Commission.  From  Surveys  by  the  Joint  Commission  to  carry 
Into  effect  the  Ist  Article  of  the  Treaty  l)etween  the  United  States  and  Great  Britain 
and  authorized  on  the  part  of  the  United  States  by  Act  of  Congress  of  August  11th 
1856. 
■    Archibald  Campl>ell,  U.  S.  Commissioner. 

John  (r.  Parke,  U.  S.  Kng.,  Chief  Astr.  and  Surveyor. 

(i.  Clinton  (Jardner,  Ass't  Astr.  and  Surveyor. 

William  J.  Wi'.rrcn,  Secretary. 

John  J.  Major,  Clerk. 

Scale  1:  120000.     18G6. 

The  titles  of  the  others  are  identical  with  this,  except  as  to  the 
country  covered.  This  easternmost  sheet  embraces  longitude  113°  45' 
,to  116",  froifi  Mooyie  and  Ya/i'k  Divide  to  Eochj  Mountain  Divide; 


1  House  Kx.  nnc.  No.  SO,  Fortli'th  Consreas,  third  sesalon,  p.  96. 


tl 


24  NORTHWESTERN    BOUNDARY    OF   UNITED   STATES,      [m  i.i.lTl, 

tho  next,  longltudos  IK)    to  11S.V^,  from  Ii)ch)ilnfKiit  Ji!t'(i'  io  }roniilt' 
((nil  Y((h'J,'  Dirldc;  tho  next  lono-itiulos,  llS^    to  121   , //v///  I)! rid,' 
of  ('((N<'(((lc  2F(>ttiif(itiiy  to  f)i<'hi(l>iti(iii;  and  tlio  last,  louo-itudos  I'Jl 
to  li^B:^^,   fi'oiit  Point  liolncix  io  Piiudc  of  ('((Kcadc  2f(>r)it((inx. 

Tho  jfoographic  positions  of  tho  various  camps,  stations,  otc,  arc 
given  on  thoso  maps,  as  are  also  the  lonofitudos  of  th(>  ]>oundary  monu- 
ments, accompanied  by  brief  descriptions  of  the  locations.  These 
positions,  classitied  in  two  groups  and  arranged  in  order  of  longitude, 
are  pi'inted  on  pages  2S-8t>  of  this  bulletin. 

Tho  preparation  of  the  13  tinal  original  drawings  was  apparently 
begun  in  1803.  There  is  an  autograph  memorandinn  by  Mr.  (1.  Clin- 
ton (Jardner,  dated  June  30,  1863,  containing  an  estimate  of  the  time 
required  to  make  these  drawings.  He  estimates  that  the  drawing  of 
seven  sh(>et  of  l:l:i(K)()0  scale  will  take  elgiity-two  weeks' work,  and 
that  two  sheets  of  the  general  map  of  l:7!iOO(>0  scale  thirtv-llv(i  weeks' 
work.     After  discussing  methods  and  costs  he  adds: 

Tho  scale  spoken  of  hy  the  English  coinniissioner  for  tlu^  general  map  was 
1  :()000()(),  l)ut  that  scale  woiiM  recjuire  larger  sheets  than  those  nsed  for  the  detaileil 
maps.  I  have  therefore  ]>ropose(l  to  use  for  the  general  majM  1,(1  instead  of  1/5  of 
that  of  ihe  detailed  maiw  in  order  that  all  the  sheets  sliall  be  of  uniform  size. 

As  to  the  drawing  of  these  sheets  and  their  cost,  there  are  three 
memorandums  in  the  handwriting  of  Mr.  Gardner.  The  tlrst,  undated, 
is  tis  follows; 

Seven  detail  sheets  from  Point  Iloberta  to  llocky  Mountains,  at 

?600 !if4,  2(X) 

The  water-boundary  sheet 1 ,  SOO 

The  two  general  sheets,  one  from  (!ohunbia  River  west I ,  r)0() 

And  the  otlier  from  Colund)ia  east  to  Fort  Benton 1 , 0(K) 

S,  500 

The  second  memorandiuu,  dated  October  31,  180-1.  is  as  follows: 

The  seven  detail  sheets  have  cost  $4,085,  [and]  when  com- 
pleted [will  cost]  $1  b5  [more] §4,  200 

T)ie  general  sheets  liave  cost  $1,807,  [and]  when  ccmipleted  [will 
cost]  $813  [more] 2,500 

The  water-boundary  sheet  lias  cost  $750,  [and]  when  completed 

[will  cost]  $925  [more] 1,075 

Total 8,  ;i75 

The  third" memorandum,  dated  January  1,  1805,  is  a.s  follows: 

Water-boundary  sheet $2,  (X)0 

Detail  Bheets,  7  at  $G00 4,  200 

General  maps,  No.  1,  $1,800;  No.  2,  $1,400 ;{,  200 

Total  cost  of  tho  drawing  of  maps 0, 400 

Thus  it  appears  that  the  drawing  of  these  maps  was  completed  late 
in  1804  or  early  in  186.5.  The  photographic  copy  of  them  in  the  Gen- 
eral Land  Office  is  dated  1800. 


J    Tin 

1:00(»( 

(»>) 
to  ea." 

II.  B. 

dersoi 
omer, 
and  3, 

(e) 

as  fol 


furi.i,.  171. 


HAKKU.] 


BRITIHII    MAPS. 


25 


(HI)    hll'lilc 

tudos 121 ' 
inn. 

,s,  etc.,  arc 

liuv  inonu- 

i.s.      Tl  u'se 

longitude, 

iipparently 
X.  (1.  Cliii- 
)f  the  time 
(lniwinj>'  of 
'  work,  and 
-livo  weeks' 

ral  map  was 
r  tlie  lU'tailcd 
-tead  of  1/5  of 
111  si/0. 

L'  are  three 
st,  undated, 


$4,200 
1,800 
1 ,  500 
1,000 

S,  500 

follows: 


.  $4,200 

I 

,     2, 500 

I 

.     1,075 

.  8, 375 
lUows: 

.  $2,000 
.  4, 200 
.     3,200 

.     S»,  400 

mpleted  lato 
I  in  the  Gen- 


The  dl•a^s•in<»•  wns  done  hy  Kdward  Freyhold,()f  No.  11  Shai'p  street, 
l>aitiinore,  by  \j.  D.  WlUianis,  and  )>y  Tlieodor  Kolecki.  Freyhold 
did  the ''hill  woi'k  ' ' — i.  e.,  the  hacluii'es — and  the  others  the  outline, 
letterinji'.  etc.  l*rior  to  Fel)ruaiT,  ISOl,  Freyhold  had  drawn  the  hill 
work  on  detail  sheets  ;>  and  7. 

Anionj^-  the  papers  is  an  unexecuted  contract  (apparently  the  orit^inal 
draft)  ])etween  tlie  United  States  Northwestern  Boundary  Conunission 
and  Edward  Freyhold,  where])y  Freyhold  ao'rees  to  draw  the  hill 
work  on  sheets  1,2, 1,5, and  (>  "similar  and  not  inferior  to  certain 
other  work  executed  by  him  on  sheets  3  and  T'"  for  $1.75  per  square 
inch,  and  to  complete  the  work  "])efore  the  31st  day  of  August,  ISGi." 

Sheet  1  was  Hnished  March  5,  1861,  juid  contained  211^  square 
inches  of  hill  work;  sheet  (i  was  finished  April  20, 18<'»1,  and  contained 
2ll>i^  scjuare  inches  of  hill  work;  sheet  5  was  linished  June  (»,  18G1, 
and  contain<Ml  137y\  scjuare  indies  of  hill  work;  sheet  2  was  linished 
iViioust  1:5,  ISOI,  and  contained  225,f\  sfiuarc  inches  of  hill  work. 
There  is  no  record  as  to  No.  1,  hut  it  is  probahle  that  it  was  linished 
on  jNIarch  5,  so  that  the  hill  work  was  all  completed  by  Auoust  13 
and  the  drawing  of  the  iinal  maps  completed  aliout  the  beginning  of 
the  year  1805. 

BRITISH   MAPS. 

On  dune  23,  1S71,  Sir  Edward  Thornton,  then  British  minister  in 
"Washington,  sent  to  the  Depariuient  of  State  an  atlas  comprising 
maps,   views,  and  tal)les  of   geographic  positions  of    the  northwest 
boundary.     This  atlas  is  entitled: 

I  Maps  of  the  land  ])oundary  l)et\veeii  the  British  possessions  in  North  America  and 
'the  I'liited  States  as  established  by  the  treaty  of  Washington,  15th  Jnne,  1840,  and 
snrveyed  and  marked  under  the  direction  of  tlie  Joint  ODinmission  appointed  to 
carry  into  effect  the  1st  article  of  the  treaty.  Scale  1 :120000,  or  1 .89:50  statute  miles 
to  one  inch.  Photo-zinco<rraithed  at  the  ordnance  snrvey  ollice,  Sonthami)ton, 
under  the  snperintendence  of  Caj)'!.  Parsons,  l\.  E.,  F.  li.  A.  S.iC'ol.  Sir  Henry 
James,  R.  E.,  F.  R.  S.,  etc.,  director,  1800. 

j    Then  follows: 

(a)  An  index  map  comjiosed  of  tjvo  double-page  sheets  on  a  scale  of 
1:(;()(JU00. 

i  (lj)  Seven  detailed  sheets,  scale  1 :  120000,  numl)ered  1  to  7  from  west 
to  east.  All  are  dated  May  7,  1800,  and  signed  by  J.  S.  Hawkins, 
II.  li.  M.  Conmrr,  Archibald  Campbell,  IT.  S.  CV^mm'r,  Samuel  An- 
derson, Lt.  R.  Eng'rs  Secretary  for  Captain  Ilaig,  K.  A.,  Chief  Astron- 
omer. Sheets  1  and  7  were  drawn  by  .1.  Carroll,  2  l)y  H.  Walthouse, 
and  3,  1,  5  and  6  by  F.  B.  Grose. 

(c)  A  title  pafj  for  another  series  of  six  sheets  on  the  mile  scale  is 
as  follows: 

INIaps  of  the  land  boundary  l)et\veen  the  British  possessions  in  North  America  and 
the  United  States  as  estaolished  ))y  liie  treaty  of  Wasiihigtou  15tli  June,  1840,  and 


26  NOBTHWESTERN   BOUNDARY   OF   UNITED   STATES,      [bull.ivi. 

surveyed  and  marked  under  the  direction  of  the  Joint  Commission  appointed  to 
carry  into  effect  the  1st  article  of  the  treaty.  Scale  of  1  :().'58()0  or  one  Htatutc  mile  to 
one  inch.  Photo-zincographed  at  the  ordnance  survey  ollice  under  the  superintend- 
ence of  Captain  R.  M.  Parsons,  K.  E.,  F.  R.  A.  S.;  Cof.  Sir  H.  James,  R.  E.,  F.  R.  S., 
etc.,  director,  1869. 

The  six  sheets  following  this  are  numbered  1  to  6,  from  west  to  east, 
and  are  signed  "J.  S.  Hawkins,  colonel,  Royal  Engineers,  II.  B.  M. 
conmiissioner,  7th  May,  18G9."  The  geographic  coordinates  of 
camps  and  stations  arc  given;  topography  is  shown  by  hachures, 
trails  are  shown  in  brown,  and  water  in  l)luc.  Iron  monuments  are 
shown  by  a  scjuare  s\'mbol  (■)  and  stone  monuments  1)y  a  round 
one  (•).  The  vistas  and  cleared  part  of  the  line  appear  to  be 
indicated  l»y  two  lines,  one  down  on  vuch  side  of  the  parallel, 
thus, 

(d)  Between  the  title  of  thi^  mile  scale  sheets  and  the  sheets  them- 
selves arc  two  double  pages,  the  first  containing  ten  photographic 
views  of  monuments  and  vistsis,  as  follows: 

Initial  monument,  stone  obelisk,  Point  Roberts,  four  views,  one  of  each  face. 

P>oundary  monument,  IMooyie  River. 

IJoundury  monument  and  cutting,  Kootenay  East. 

Boundary  monument  and  cutting,  Yak'h  River. 

Boundary  monument  and  cutting,  Kish-e-nehn. 

Boundary  monument,  watersl  iid  Rocky  Mountains,  looking  north. 

Boundary  monument,  watershed  Rocky  Mountains,  looking  south. 

The  second  doul)le  page  contains  two  tables  of  geographic  coordi- 
nates, with  descriptions  of  stations.  These  tables  arc  printed  in  this 
bulletin,  pages  20,  31,  33,  35,  3T,  and  31). 

vVccording  to  these  tal)les  there  arc  161  monuments,  marking  parts 
of  a  boundary  line  410  miles  long.     These  are: 

stone  obelisk 1 

Iron  pillars 42 

Pyramids  of  stcuies H 

Bench  marks 2 

Mound  of  earth , 1 

Piles  of  stones 112 

Total 1(5 1 

(e)  Lastly  wc;  have  this  double  title,  page: 

Maps  to  illustrate;  tlie  boundary  line  established  by  the  convention  of  London, 
20th  October,  1818,  and  the  treaty  of  Wsishington,  15th  June,  1846,  l)etween  the 
British  Possessions  in  Nortii  America  and  the  United  States,  compiled  from  tlie 
following  authorities: 

******* 

Scali;  of  .0528  inches  to  1  statute  mile,  or  1:1200000.  Photozincographed,  etc. 
1869. 

This  is  followed  by  three  double-page  photographic  maps  showing 
the  country  Iwtvveen  tho  forty-fifth  and  fifty-first  parallels  of  north 
latitude  and  from  the  Pacific  Ocean  eastward  to  Minnesota. 


3.      [bull.  17-1, 


UAKER.] 


GEOGRAPHIC    COORDINATES. 


27 


appointed  to 

ivtute  mile  to 

superintend- 

:.  K,  F.  R.  S., 

rest  to  east, 
S  H.  B.  M. 
I'dinates  of 
r  hachures, 
uments  are 
by  a  round 
pear  to  be 
le    parallel, 

;hoets  them- 
hotojifraphic 

oatrh  face. 


phic  coordi- 
•inted  in  this 

arkin^'  parts 

1 

....     42 

»> 
....        o 

'2 


GEOGIIAPIIIC  COOKDINATES. 

The  geographic  positions  of  various  camps  and  stations  in  the  vicin- 
ity of  the  parallel  were  determined  astronomically.  Latitudes  were 
determined  with  the  zenith  telescope;  azimuth  and  time  with  the  tran- 
sit. Longitudes  were  determined  l)y  chronometer,  by  moon-culminat- 
ing stars,  and  at  one  station.  Camp  Mooyie,  by  the  solar  eclipse  of  July 

7,  1860. 

It  would  seem  that  28  fundamental  or  base  stations  were  established 
near  the  boundary.  For  those  stations  measurements  were  made  to 
the  parallel.  Thereupon  other  stations,  with  monuments,  were  estab- 
lished on  the  parallel.'  Of  these  stations  on  the  parallel  there  are  161. 
The  description  of  these  fundamental  or  base  stations  and  of  the  161 
stations  on  the  parallel,  their  location,  longitude,  etc.,  are  given  in 
Tables  1  to  IV  herewith.  Tal)leK  I  and  III  are  made  up  from  data  on 
the  photographic  copies  of  the  tinal  map  which  were  deposited  in  the 
General  Land  Office  in  1866.  Tables  II  and  IV  are  copied  from  the 
British  atlas  in  the  State  Department,  which  was  presented  by  the  Brit- 
1  ish  minister.  Sir  Edward  Thornton,  in  1871.  The  results  from  the  two 
sources  are  almost  identical,  but  as  they  are  not  absolutely  so,  and  as 
the  originals  are  not  conveniently  accessible,  it  was  deemed  ])est  to 
print,  side  by  side,  the  results  from  these  two  sources. 

i  1  For  iiielhoil  (.'inployL'd  see  Api'eii'Hx  A,  pp.  (VI-Cm. 


1 
112 

1(51 


tion  of  London, 
6,  between  the 
ipiled  from  tlie 


i(!ograplied,  etc. 


naps  showing 
llels  of  north 
)ta. 


28  NORTHWESTERN    BOUNDARY    OF   UNITED   STATES.      [m'U..m.      ^ 

Tabi.k  J.—drniiraphienl  roordhnilcH  of  rmnpn,  KlntlniiK,  dr. 
FKOM  AMKUK'AN  SOHHCKS. 


UAKKK. 


No. 


H 

'.I 
10 
11 
12 

i;i 
11 
i.'i 
If) 

17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
2t 
25 
20 
27 
28 
29 

:«) 

31 
32 
33 
31 
35 
3f. 
37 
38 


SUitiim. 


l.tititiiiU'. 


flump  Akainina 

Ciiinii  K islu'iu'lin •  ■  ■ 

Ford  of  Klntlifiid  Ui vor 

•innction  oftriiil  to  Wiffwiini  Station 

WiKwam  SUUion 

Camp  Kootciiay  Kast 

Yalikli  Station '. 

Camp  Mooyie 

Slooyio  I  rail  montniient 

Aoklvw  Caclif, junction  of  trails 

(^amp  Koott'iiay  Wt'st 

Kootonay  Monntain  Station 

IVnd  d'Orcillo  Station 

Fort  Slicplicrd  Station 

Camp  ('oluml)ia 

Camp  Statapoostin 

Inchniiitnm  Station 

Camp  Nelioialpitkun  

(•amji  Osoyoos  or  Osoyoos  Station 

Camp  Similkami'cn 

Nais-nn-loli  Station 

Junction  of  trails.  Xaisnuloh 

Camp  I'a-say-ten 

.TtniPtion  of  trails,  I'a-say-tcn  Valley 

Roche  Station 

i  Camp  Skagit 

!  Crossing  of  Skagit  Ulvcr  on  trail 

!  Camp  Cluioh-chc-h>im 

Camp  Cliiloweynck 

j  Kn-sa\v-k\vatch  Station 

I  Sen-eh-say  Station 

j  Camp  Tummeahal 

;  Intersection  of  Whatcom  and  Lake  trails... 

j  Chiloweyuck  Pepot 

I  Camp  Stimass 

]  British  Station 

I  Camp  Simiahmoo 


•19 
19 

•18 
•18 
•18 
•18 
•18 
19 


;         n 

00  .'■)2.2 

00  1)2.  (i 

f)"  01.1 


59 
59 
59 
01 
00 


31.1 

'12.8 
11.  I 
,5,5.  I 
25. 0 
19  00  01.3 
18    ,M    21.1 

18  .59    ,51.9 

19  00  12.8 
19  00  03.5 
•19    00    00 

18  ,59    19.1 

19  00    13. 9f) 
48    ,59    ,58. 5 

59  02.9 
,59  5(1.1 
,59 
,59 
07 


'18 
18 
•18 
18 
19 


•18  .59 

■19  09 

18  59 
•19  00 
•19  07 
49  00 

19  00 
49  00 
19  00 
■19  02 
■18  0(i 
49  09 
49  01 
49 

■19  00    43.1 


12.0 

.52. 9 

51.8 

42.2 

38.8 

49.8 

01.8 

12.  7 

03. 5 

21.9 

30 

31.3 

01.9 

0.5.4 

28.2 

25.8 


Longitude. 


Ill 


03 

21 

21 

43 

15 

U 

38 

12 

14 

22 

31 

10 

21 

37 

;i7 

10 

28 

44 

119    24 


115 


110 


117 


118 


120 


121 


122 


34 
00 
00 
32 
33 
39 
02 
08 
10 
23 
30 
30 
47 

.57 
11 
37 
45 


M 

(K) 

20. 0 

33.7 

02 

19.2 

51 

40. 5 

59. 2 

02.1 

10.2 

48.4 

52. 9 

19.1 

41.8 

1.5.0 

12.3 

28. 5 

12 

53.2 

18.8 

,59.9 

12.8 

38.9 

11.8 

1.5.2 

29. 2 

11.4 

41.8 

11.8 

1.5.1 

31.1 

50. 8 

,59 

52. 8 

01.0 

30 


! 

: 

! 

1 

1 

'i: 


I  HI' 1,1,.  17-1. 


— 

■| 

tUllc. 

1 

■M 

O'.t 

■2(').  (1 

! 

:«!.  7 

) 

02 

19.2 

< 

51 

) 

10. 5 

i 

59. 2 

) 

02.1 

1 

16.2 

1) 

48.4 

1 

52. 9 

7 

19.4 

7 

11. S 

('. 

l.">.ti 

« 

12.3 

1 

28. 5 

1 

12 

1 

53.2 

« 

18.8 

H) 

59.9 

!2 

12.8 

53 

38.9 

ffl 

14.  S 

V2 

I.'-).  2 

JS 

29. 2 

1(1 

41.4 

2:! 

41.8 

!0 

41.8 

Mi 

1.x  4 

17 

34.4 

54 

50. 8 

W 

.59 

11 

52. 8 

37 

01. G 

45 

30 

BAKEU.J  (JKOdllAI'HlC    COORDINATES. 

Taiiijo  W.—di'iti/tii/iliiciil  ciKiriliiiiilin  itf  I'diiijiK,  ni(ili<iii/i,  ilr. 
KUOM  HUITISH  SorilCKS. 


2i) 


No. 


8 
9 
10 
II 
12 
13 
14 
16 
10 
17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
20 
27 
28 
29 
30 
31 
32 
33 
34 
35 
30 
37 
38 


.■^liitiKfi. 


('aiii|i  .Vkiiiiiiiiii  iiiid  Slaliiin. 
Ciiiiiit  Kisli-i'-iiehn 


Liitiliiili'. 


Ill     (Ml     .'i2.() 
111    (K)    (12.  s 


LollKitlulc. 


o 

111 
111 


03    31.0 
21     09. 0 


WiKWiiin  Stiitioii 

Ciiiuii  KiMiti'iiay  Ea.st 

Yalik'li  Station 

Ciinip  Mooyii' 


Camp  Kooti'iiay  WVst 

Koolciiay  Moiiiitiiiii  .station 

IVnd  d'Ori'lllL'  Station 

F<jrt  Slu'plu'rd  Station 

Cainj)  Coliniibia 

(;anip  Stiit-a-poos-tin 

In-i'hu-in-tnm  Station 

Camp  No-lioi-al-]>it-k \vn 

Camp  0-so-yoos  A  O-so-yoos  Station  . 

Camp  Simil-ka-mcen 

Nais-nu-loh  Station 


IS  59  12.  S 

IS  .'>9  11.(1 

18  .'I'.l  .V>.  I 

19  01  2(i.O 


III  |.">  02.0 

115  II  19.2 

115  38  .57.0 

11(1  12  10.5 


Camp  Pa-say-ton 


Koche  Station  , 
Camp  Skagit  . . 


Camp  Chnck-fhe-hum  . 
Camp  Chiloweyiick  — 
Kn-.saw-kwatcli  Station 

Scii-eh-s«y  StjUion 

Camp  Tummealiai 


L 


Camp  Stimass  and  Station 

Briti.sh  Station 

Camp  Siniiahmoo  Observatory 
Obelisk  at  Initial  I'oint 


18  ,59  5.5. 1 

■U  00  12.  S 

49  00  03.5 

49  00  00.0 

48  59  50.4 

49  00  10.8 
18  ,59  58. 5 

48  59  01.3 

49  00  00.9 
IH  ,59  12. 1 
48  59  53.9 


48    59    42.0 


18    ,59    49. 8 
49    00    02.3 


49  00  03.7 

49  00  22.2 

49  00  30.0 

49  00  34.3 

19  02  01.9 


11(1 
117 
117 
117 
117 


1(1.2 
IS.  I 
,52. 9 
19.  I 
41. .S 


•11 

10 

21 

37 

37 

118    10     1,5.(1 
118    28    12.3 

118  44    28.5 

119  24    12.0 

119  34    ,53.2 

120  C)     18.8 


120     32     12.8 


120  39    14.8 

121  02    4,5.2 


49  01  2,5.8 

49  00  00.0 

49  00  43.1 

49  00  00.0 


121  1(1  41.4 

121  23  41.8 

121  30  41.8 

121  3(1  1,5.4 

121  47  31.  I 


122 
122 
122 


11 
43 
45 


123    03 


,52.  8 
59. 9 
30.0 
53.0 


'M) 


NOKTHWESTKKN    UOUNDAKY    OF    IIJNITKD    8TATKS.      liiru.lTl. 


I 


I 


N". 


•S.i 


■M 


TaiiI/H  III.  —  LofdtioiiK  null  loiiijiliiilix  of  Ihi'  lininiilnrii  iiidiiiiiih  nh, 
FKOM  AMKKKIAN  SOl'KCKS. 


is 

•J!) 

;!() 

31 

35 
30 
37 
38 
;'0 
•10 


I^)cntlnii  of  moiiuinfiit. 


Itividi'iif  Kiickv  Moiiiitiilns. 


1,1'ft  I  (link  of  Kislii'iK'liii  (Ircrk 

Nuiir  IriiiU'iitiTint,'  Uouiidiiry  I'ass 

Second  tcrriicu,  luftlmiik  of  Kliitliciul  lUvci 

Firwl  lu'iicli,  rl>?lit  Imiik  of  KliitliciMl  KiviT  .. 


West  blink  of  river 

Hillside,  wesl  of  river 

Small  ereek,  fool  of  mountain. 


Seeond  i>latean,  left  liank  of  river  , 

Kijflit  bank  of  river 

IJrink  of  ravine,  base  of  niunntain  . 


Side  of  lull 

Uid^eof  bill 

Kliit,  east  side  of  river 

Klat,  west  side  of  river 

Klat,  west  of  river 

IliKli  bluir,  left  bank  of  ereek 

Left  bank  of  creek,  water's  edjje 

I'latean  above  creek 

Side  of  mountain,  west  side  of  valley 


lirow  of  first  li ill,  ri^rbt  bank  of  river 

Mountain  slope,  west  side  of  valley 

Heneli,  west  side  of  river 

Mark  on  face  of  rock  on  liillsidi' 

Ili^'bt  liank  of  river,  meridian  of  I'enil  d'Oreille  Station. 


Bench,  west  side  of  river 

Sharp  ridge,  west  side  of  river. 
Near  east  bank  of  river 


On  brink  of  hill,  west  bank  of  river. 

On  hilltop.wcst  of  Camp  Columbia  . 

On  ridge 

....do 

On  ridge  ))etwoen  streams 

....do 


LotiKitilde. 


Ill  03  JH.  I 

■-'0  M.  y 

•Jl  17.3 

■J7  oy.  I 

ir,  III.  I 
■ir.  IJ 
lir.  03  j.s.? 

\o  II. u 
11  11.2 

It;  01. 1 

•.]»  02.8 

38  -jy.  1 

39  10.  5 
39  21. 5 
39  10.5 

a]  It)  11  21 

11  2r>.(; 

(111  51 

12  22.3 


31  05.9 

35  11. 9 

117 

OH  55. 9 

09  M.  5 

21  52.9 

22  03 

22  5-1.8 

3G  59. 4 

S7  36.2 

38  .19. 1 
41  17.7 
I  45  49.5 

53  08.1 
59  00.9 
On  -slope  of  hill  between  streams !    ]  18  01  52. 2 


On  slope  of  hill  cast 

On  hill  between  streams... 
On  hill  west  side  of  stream. 


03  17. 1 
05  15.8 
09  26 


rt.'Vppro.ximate. 


S.      [iti'ia.  IVI. 


lilx. 


\    LoiiglluiK-. 


m  m  is.  I 
•JO  f);t.  u 

21  17.;! 

•-'7  m.i 
•js  (»'2.  r. 

15  111.  1 

■ir)  12 
iiri  o:i  2H.7 

10  11. 0 

11  11.2 
Ki  01.  l 

IMS  02. 8 

38  29. 1 

39  10.  5 
39  21.5 
39  40.5 

alio  11  21 

11  2.5.0 
till  51 

12  22.3 


31  05.9 

35  11. 9 

117  08  55.9 

09  5»).  5 

21  52.9 

22  03 
22  51. 8 
30  59.1 


S7  36.2 

38  -19. 1 
41  17.7 
45  49.5 
53  08. 1 
59  00.9 
118  01  52.2 
03  17. 1 
05  15. 8 
09  26 


„AKKit.|  BOIINDAKY    MONUMKNTS. 

Tahi.H  IV.    -//"■'(//"/'•>',  l'>,iijiliiil(!<,  (iiiil  (Irsrriiillonx  <>/ llir  huiiiiilnni  inoin; mnilx. 

KH<»M  HKITIHII  HOUUCKS. 


in 


.No. 


Lociitiii:.  of  iiioiiiniu'iit. 


LoliKltiitlf. 


licscriplioii 


1    .    .   .1   .      No.  ill 
iTom  Willi    sliilioii    1,^1, ,^|, 

(lotiriiiiiud.  Mills. 


I 


20  53.9 

21  17.:! 
27  09.  1 

2S  02.5 

45  111.  I 
15  42.0 


10  11.  (i 

11  11.2 
If)  01.4 

3X  02.  H 

38  29. 1 

39  10.5 
39  24.5 
39  46. 5 


I'llf  of  Kloiics.    Ciiinp     .\kiiliiiiiii 
mill  ."^liilioii. 

,1(1 Ciiiiiii  KIsIh'IU'Iui. 

do 'lo 

ill) ilo 


.do ' do  . 


on  tlii'divlili'of  llic  Kocky  Moiiii-  ;     111  03  28.41 

lilllis. 
On  li-fl  liiink  of  KlNlionclm  Crfck.. 
Ni'iir  trull  ciitcrliiK  Hoiindnry  \'nss. 
<  In  lirsl  hcni'li,  rlKlil  Imiik  Fliilliciid 

Kivcr. 
on  second  tiTriici',  left  liiink  Flat- 

lii'iid  KlviT. 

.Near  west  bank  of  river 

On  lilll  west  of  river 

.\l   fool    of   luoiintiilns,    left    l.iilik  i     115  03  28 

small  creek. 

on  second  pliitean,  left  l>aiik  river 

On  rlKlitliank  Kooteiiay  Kivcr  ... 

On  east  brink  nivine  bcyoml  wliicli 
the  mountains  rise. 

On  hillside  east  of  river ] 

13    do 

11     Near  east  liiiiik  of  river 

15     On  west  side  of  river j 

h;    do ' 

17     on  high  blnlT,  left  hank allC.  11  24      j -lo I  CampMooyic 

11  2.5.  i;  I ilo : <1" 


...do '  Wigwam  Slat  Ion 

...do do 

do Camp     Kooleiiny 

Kiisl. 

...do ' <1<' »- 

...do <lo .■ 

...do ' ilo 


do I  Valik'li  .'^lalioii.. 

do ' ilo 

ilo ' ilo 

do ' ill" 

do ' ill) 


18  on  left  bank  of  creek  close  to  water. 

19  1  On  plateau  above  creek ' 

20  On  side  of  inountaln,  west  side  of 

valley. 

21  :  on  trail  Icadinj,'  from  the  north  to  | 

Choleintii. 

22  on  brow  of  lirst  hill,  rlslit  bank 
i      river. 

23  On  side  of  mountain,  west  hide  of 

valley. 

24  I  On  bench,  west  side,  Hoiilh  Fork 

Salmon  Kiver. 

25  I  On  face  of  rock  on  rlilKo  cast 


Latitude  mark,  Tend  d'Oreille  Sta- 
tion. 

On  bench,  west  side  of  river 

On  high  ridge  west 

Near  east  bank  of  Colundiia  Kiver, 


26 

27 
28 
29 

30 

31 

32 
33 
34 
35 
;!6 

37  j  On  slope  between  streams. 

38  : do 

39 
40 


Near  eajst  bank  of  river 

On  brink  of  lull,  west  bank  Co- 
lumbia River. 
On  liilltop,  west  of  Camp  Columbia. 

On  side  of  liill  between  streams 

do 

do 

do 


On  hill  between  streams... 
On  hill  west  side  of  stream. 


(Ill  51 
12  22.3 

11  59.2 

31  0.5.9 

35  44. 9 
117  08  5,5.9 

09  56.5 

21  52.9 

22  03 
22  51.8 

36  59. 4 

37  05. 2 

37  36.2 

38  49. 1 
41  17.7 
45  49. 5 
53  08. 1 
59  00. 9 

118  01  52.2 
03  17. 1 
05  15.8 


..do. 
do. 

...do. 


.do. 
.do. 


do  ..    Camp     Kooleniiy 

i       West. 


.do 

.do 


Kootcnav  Mt.Slii- 
tloii. 


.di 


Ben(^h  mark 

Pile  of  stones.    Tend   d'Oreille 
I      Station. 


.do. 
.  .do  . 
.  .do  . 
..do. 
..do. 
09  26.0  I do  . 

a  Approximate. 


.do ' <lo  . 

.do ! <lo  . 

.do 


Fort  Shepherd 
Station. 

Camp  Stat-ii-poos- 
tin. 


....do 

do do 

do do. 

do ' do. 

do do  . 

...' do. 

...i do. 

...i do  . 

...'.:. ..do. 

...' do. 

...I do. 


ir>l 

li;ii 
l.v.i 
\:,s 

|.>7 

l.V. 
l.">l 

1.53 

152 
151 

\M 
119 
IIH 
117 

iii; 

115 
III 

u; 

112 

111 

nil 

139 

138 

137 

13(i 

135 
134 
133 

132 

131 

130 
129 
128 
127 
126 
125 
124 
123 
122 


32 


NOJiTllVVKSTKItN    H< 


H'NDAKY    OI-"    I'NITKI)    STATF.S.       Imi,...i7l.        jhakeb.) 


T.'.HI.K    IW.-  Lnrillliilix  itiul  loml'ilinlix  cf /In    hnlliKliiril  iiiniHiiln  iih      Cnlll  llliud. 
KUnM    AMKIIICAN  snllJCKs    c it I. 


No 


|j<iriilli>ii   i>r   iiiiilillliii'lll . 


II   I  Slili'  i>f  iiKiMlilaiii  I'lOt  i>r  ri 


I 


IJ  :  (iriivcl  liolicli  wcsl  "f  river 

i;t  i  Nciir  llic  triiil  to  ('nlvilli' 

II  i   roliit  iif  ridnc  III  liciicl  iif  viillc; 


|.'> 


North  sJojH'  1)1'  iiitiiiriliiiii  soulli  of  ii\ 


IHkIi  rlilKf  south  of  rivir 

IliKli  rl(lt;<' south  of  Nchoiulpilkwu  li 
ilo 


I'.l     lu  viilh'.v  lit  liiist-  of  iiiouuliiiii,soiilh. 


ad  ' ilo 

Til      In  valU'V  soutli  ot  Xulioiiil|iitkwu  Kivi 
5'J 


riii 


51 


iV.I 


(i;! 
Ill 
(1.-) 

(■)(•) 


(IS 
C.'.l 


Jii  valley  ('list  of  Colvillc  trail. 
Near  t'llf,'"' of  lirst  iiliiteau 


Kirst  i)lateau  west  of  river...    

Kirst  hench  wi'st  of  siiiiiU  creek 

Suiuniit  tietweeii  creeks 

Divide  ill  lieuil  of  the  Nehoialpitkwu  Uivc 


Shiirj)  ridjre  lietween  creeks 


Northern  slope  of  luouiitaiii.. 

«lo 

open  cDUiitry  east  of  Uoek  Cn 


....do 

do 

Kast  of  Col  villi'  trail 

Foot  of  mountain,  right  Imnk  of  Nelioiiili>itkwu  Kivi 


Tointof  ridKO  in  hend  of  river. 
....do 


Fool  of  iiiountains  south  side  of  valley. 
I'oint  of  hill  so\ith  of  creek 


Kidgc  lietween  two  creeks  . 

....do 

....do 

....do 

Summit  east  of  waRon  road 


In  valley  east  of  wagon  road. 
High  plateau  south  of  Ilock  <! 
do 


Longitude, 


IIS  (I'.l  .iS.  I 

1 1  :»;.  I 
i;!  111.  1 
II  Jl.o 

li;  :;i;. 


\s 

15. 

1 

'Jl 

:i(i. 

H 

112 

IS. 

(1 

•Jl  (17. 

•  ) 

•£> 

;(s. 

•  I 

•ji; 

;v.'. 

li 

■J7 

10. 

S 

JS   Id.  s 


•-".I  IS.  7 

;u  is.  I 

x\  i;i 

:<i;  i:;.  i 

;is  -.'I.'.) 

;i<j  51.5 

10  57.  •-' 

11  i',).(i 


IJ 

:'.s. 

1 

i;i 

21 

5 

II 

l:i 

S 

15 

VI 

() 

15 

IS 

y 

III 

15 

(1 

IS 

■J7 

;5 

51 

11 

u 

5j  ai.d 

5;(  (H!.  (1 

55  05 

55  58. 2 

5(1  5,S.  9 

51) :«.  0 
111)  01  '2:5 

02  fvl.l) 


No. 

11 

On 

a 

(•2 

on 

13 

III' 

II 

On 

v 

•If. 

On 

o 

16 

On 

17 

■IH 

.... 

11) 

In 

o 

fiO 
51 



52 

In 

t 

53 

On 

51 

.... 

65 
5(1 
57 

58 

59 
60 
61 

62 
63 
61 
65 

66 

67 

68 
69 

70 
71 
72 
73 
74 

76 

76 

77 


I 


Imi.i..  171. 


I 

;i),VKKK.) 


BOUNDARY    MONUMKNTH. 


lllllllcil. 


I.ollk'illlilr. 


ll.S  (I'.l  .^S,  I 

i;t  111.  1 
II  Ji.ii 

li;  :>(;. 


IS 

i:.. 

1 

•!•» 

IS. 

i; 

•Jl 

(17. 

•> 

■2-< 

;i,s. 

•_» 

•-'Ci 

;fj. 

i; 

'~i 

10. 

s 

lis  Id.  s 


•J".t  IS.  7 

:!1  'JK.  I 

;i;!  i;! 

:<(;  l:t.  I 

;is  21.') 

;j<j  f)i..-) 

10  .')7.  •_' 

11  I'j.i; 

■12  :w.  I 

•U!  'J I..') 
II  Hi.  8 
l."i  VI.  c> 


ri 

i.s.  y 

ii; 

1.'..  (1 

IS 

■J7.  ;i 

.')! 

11.'.) 

h2  'JO.Ii 
T)!}  0(1.  (■( 

.V) 

O."") 

,V) 

58. '2 

5(1  rvs.  <j 

.v.) 

;«.  0 

II'J  01 

•2:5 

(« 

M.'J 

X.V11L.K  iV. — LovtUionn,  htnififiolt'M,  and  ili'Mriplimw  nf  tlif  liinindary  mt>iiuineitln — ( 

KUOM  HHITIHII  H()IIH(!KH— Cinllmiid. 


88 


oiit'd. 


No. 


Hi 
17 
W 
I'J 

50 
51 
52 

53 


51 
55 
5C 
67 

58 

5>J 
(10 
(11 

C2 
03 
(11 
(15 

6(i 

G7 

(18 
09 

70 
71 
72 
73 
74 

76 

76 

77 


1/H'utloti  of  moiuimeiit. 


OiiNldoof  inouiitaiiiL>iiMtii(  Nohol- 
uipitkwii  UlviT. 

Oil  iiKnivi'l  rIdKc  wr.Mtot  rlviT 

Ill  viilk'y  lUMir  trull  t<»  OolviUc 

On  point  rlilKf  riglit  Hidu  of 

viillcy. 

OiiiiortliMloiieof  iiiountuliiM  soiitli 
of  rlviT. 


On  liltfh  rltlKc  Noiitti  o(  river. 

<lo 

do 


In  viillcy  of  Nclioiiilpitkwii  south 
of  river. 


.do . 
.do . 


In  valley  nciir  and  east  of  Colvllle 
trail. 

On  flrHt  plateau  west  of  river 


.do. 


On  first  bench  west  of  small  creek. , 

On  Hummit  between  two  creeks — 

On  devide  between  Rock  Creek 
and  Nehoialpitkwu. 

On  sharp  ridge  between  heads  of 
tributary  of  Rock  Creek. 

On  southern  slope  of  mountain. . . 

....do 

country  east  of    Rock 


lionKitiide, 


In  open 
Creek. 

do 

do 

Kast  of  and  near  Colville  trail 

At  footof  mountain,  right  bank  of 
Nehoialpitkwu  River. 

On  point  of  ridge  in  bend  of  Ne- 
hoialpitkwu River. 

On  point  of  ridge  in  bend  of  Ne- 
hoialpitkwu. 

In  valley  of  Nechoialpitkwu 

On  point  of  ridge  south  and  east  of 
creek. 

On  ridge  between  two  creek.s 

On  same  ridge 

do 

do 

On  summit  east  of  wagon  road  to 
Rock  Creek. 

In  valley  east  of  wagon  road  to 
Rock  Creek. 

On  high   plateau   south  of  Rock 
Creek. 


.do 


Bull.  174- 


O   /    .V 

118  (KJ  68.2 

11  rxi.i 
13  19.1 
It  21.0 

l(i  8(i.  7 


18  ■l,').» 

21  ;«).!{ 

22  18.(1 

24  17.2 

25  ;w.2 
20  32.(1 

27  40.8 

28  40. 8 


29  48.  7 
31  28.  I 
33  43. 0 
36  43.4 

38  24.9 

39  51.5 

40  57.2 

41  49. 6 

42  38.4 

43  24.5 
•  44  13.8 

45  12.6 

46  48.9 
46  45.6 

48  27.3 

51  14.9 

52  26.6 
63  06.6 

65  06.0 
56  68.2 

66  68.9 

59  33.6 

119  01  23.0 

2  64.9 


lit'scription. 


Pile  o(  stolies. 


.do, 
.<lo. 
.do  , 


.  .do  . 
..do. 
..do. 
..do, 


.do. 
.do  . 
.do  . 

.do  . 


.do. 
.do  . 
.do . 
.do  . 

.do  . 


do. 

do 

do. 


..do. 
.  .do  . 
..do. 


From  whut  station 
determined. 


CampHtal-H-poo.s- 
tlii. 


.<lo, 

.do, 
.do  , 


In-ohn-in-tum 
Station  and 
Cump  Stat-a- 
poos-tin. 

....do 


.do . 
.<lo . 
.do  . 

.do . 
.do . 

.do  . 


Camp  Ne-hoi-al- 
pit-kwuandln- 
chu-in-tum  Sta- 
tion. 

do 


.do. 
.do  . 
.do  . 

.do  . 

.do  . 
.do. 
.do  . 


No.  In 
Hritish 
Atlas. 


Mound      of 
earth. 

rile  of  stones. 


.do . 

.do. 
.do. 

.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
-do. 
.do. 

.do. 

.do. 

.do. 


do 

do 

do 

Camp  Osoyoos  and 
Camp  Ne-hoi-al- 
pit-kwu. 

do 


.do. 

.do. 
.do. 

.do. 
.do. 
-de  . 
.do. 
.do. 

.do. 

-do. 

.do. 


121 

120 
119 

118 

117 


116 
115 
114 
113 

112 
111 
110 

109 


108 
107 
106 
105 

104 

103 
102 
101 

100 
99 
98 
97 

96 

95 

94 
93 

92 
91 
90 
89 


87 
86 

84 


T 


84  NORTHWESTEKN    HOUNIjAKY    OF    UNITP:D   STATES.      [bull.  174, 

Tahle  III. — lAJcalions  and  lonffiiniks  of  (he  houndanj  momunents — Continued. 
FROM  AMERICAN  SOURCES— Continued. 


RAKER.] 

1  Tahlk  IV. 


No. 


L(K!ntion  of  monniueiit. 


78 

79 
80 

81 

82 

s:? 

8-i 
86 
8f. 
87 
88 

89 

90 

91 

92 
93 
94 

96 

96 

97 
98 

99 

100 

101 

102 

103 
104 
106 
106 
107 

108 

109 
110 
111 

112 
113 

114 


HIkIi  plateau  .south  of  Rock  (Ireok 

Rocky  lodge  cast  of  small  lake 

Summit  ca«t  of  creek 

West  bank  of  creek 

First  bench  west  of  creek 

Slope  of  hill  north  of  small  lake 

South  and  east  of  Colville  trail 

North  and  west  of  small  creek 

Spur  from  mountain  to  tlie  north 

do 

Summit  of  first  ridge  east  of  the  valley 

East  side  of  Osoyoos  Valley 

West  side  of  Osoyoos  Valley 

Plateau  north  of  Similkameen  River 

do 

Southern  slope  of  rocky  knoll 

Ridge  east  of  t  rail 

Near  trail 

Isolated  mountain  cast  of  Similkameen  River 

Left  bank  of  Similkameen  River 

Foot  of  mountains  west  side  of  Similkameen  Valley 

Flat  east  side  of  swamp 

Near  small  stream 

Sharp  ridge  west  side  of  stream 

Bench  east  side  Pa-say-ten  Valley 

Slope  west  side  Pa-.say-ten  Valley 

Hillside  cast  of  Chuchuwautcn  River 

Hillside  west  of  Chuchuwautcn  River 

Bench  of  lilll  east  side  of  Skagit  Valley 

Slope  of  mountain  west  side  of  Skagit  Valley 

Base  of  mountain  south  of  camp '. 

West  of  and  near  trail  to  Skagit 

East  of  and  near  trail  to  Skagit 

East  side  of  Klahailui  Valley 

West  Bide  of  Klahaihu  Valley 

East  of  river 

On  rock  west  of  river 


i 


I^iongitudc 


119  &1  36 

06  16 

08  02. s 

09  32. K 

10  18.  I     fl 

11  5C..r, 
14  27.  J 

17  10.1 

18  68.1 

21  26.  I 

22  37.  r, 

24  08.  il    ii 
26  01.  f> 


Nil. 

78 

On 
Cn 

79 

Onr 

80 

On  s 
Cn 

81 

On  \ 
we 

82 

Onfl 
Cr 

83 

Nort 

84 

Sout 

^ 


120 


121 


28  48 

29  62.  (1 
33  24 

36  14.  li 

37  46.9 

89  66.6 

40  32.7 
42  20.9 

68  38.7 

69  67.9 

00  46.1 
32  00.9 

32  29  " 

38  61.9 

39  47. 2 
02  26.  (i 
04  22.2 

16  41.4 

16  66.3 
18  57.3 
23  11 

23  48.5 
80  08.4 

30  21.2 


86 
8(i 
87 
88 

89 

90 

91 

92 
93 
94 

95 

96 

97 

98 

99 

100 

101 
i    .02 


Nort 
Ons] 
( 


Sum 

Os 

East 
Os 

Wes 
Os 

Nea 

riii 
of 

On] 

On 

Oni 

Si 

Eas 
n 

On 

01 

On 

Atf 
a 

On 
Eai 
On 


m 


\ 

103 

On 

KM 

On 

105 

On 

lot; 

01 

107 

Ol 

[ 

108 

At 

109 

W 

no 

El 

111 

'.)! 

112 

0 

113 

O 

114 

-^ 

[bull.  17i  I 
itinued. 


BAKEK.] 


BOUNDARY    MONUMENTS. 


35 


•H 


Taulk  IV. — Locatiou^,  longitudei*,  and  descriptions  of  the  houndarij  monuments — Cont'd. 

FROM   BKITISH  SOURCES— Contlnucil. 


liongituilc 


119  ai  36 

06  15 

08  02.  ,s 

09  32. « 

10  18.  I 

11  5(i.,'-.   ' 
14  27.  '1 

17  10.  I 

18  58.1 

21  26.  I 

22  37.  C. 

24  08.il 


26  Ot.  f) 

28  48 

I 

! 

29  52.  (;   . 

33  24 

36  14.  i; 

37  45.0 

39  56.  f) 

40  32. 7 
42  20. « 

58  38.7 

59  57. 1) 

120  00  46. 1 
32  00.9 

32  29  "■ 

38  51. '.) 

39  47. 2 

121  02  26.  t! 
04  22. 2 

16  41. 4 


16  56.;(  - 
18  67.3  V 
23  11        ; 

23  48..'-)  ; 
30  08.4  ,  \ 

80  21.2 


N". 

Uwation  of  monument. 

Longitude. 

Description. 

From  what  station 
determined. 

No.  in 
British 
Atlas. 

O          /          II 

"S 

On    high    plateau  .south  of  Rock 
Creek. 

119  4  36. 0 

Pile  of  stones. 

Camp  Osoyoos  and 
Camp  Ne-hoi-al- 
pit-kwu. 

86 

79 

On  roeky  ridge  east  of  small  lake  . . 

On  summit  east  of  fork  of  Rock 
Creek. 

6  15.0 

do 

do 

83 

W 

8  02.8 

do 

do 

82 

81 

On  valley  of  fork  of  Roek  Creek, 
west  bank. 

9  32.8 

do 

do 

81 

82 

On  first  bench  west  of  fork  of  Rock 
Creek. 

10  18.4 

do 

do 

80 

H3 
84 
86 
86 
87 
88 

North  of  small  lake 

11  mi.  5 
14  27.2 

17  10.4 

18  58.1 

21  26.4 

22  37.0 

do 

do 

79 
78 
77 
70 
75 
74 

Southeast  of  (/'olville  trail 

do 

do 

North  and  west  of  small  ereek 

On  spur  from  mountain  to  the  north. 
do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

do 

Summit  of  first  ridge  east  of  Lake 
Osoy(X)s. 

East  of  trail  up  ea.st  baul-  of  Lake 
Osoyoos. 

do 

do 

89 

24  08.0 

do 

do 

73 

90 

West  of  trail  up  west  bank  of  I.iake 
Osoyoos. 

26  04.5 

do 

Camp  Similka- 
meen and  Camp 
Osoyoos. 

72 

91 

Near  divide  between  Osoyoos  and 
Sirjilkameen  and  near  junction 
of  trail. 

28  48.0 

do 

do.... 

71 

92 
93 
94 

On  i)luteau  north  of  Similkameen.. 

On  southern  slope  of  a  rocky  knoll. 

On  summit  of  ridge  east  of  trail  up 
Similkameen. 

29  52.6 
:«  24.0 
36  14.6 

do 

do 

70 
69 
68 

do 

do 

do 

do 

9.^, 

East  of  and  near  trail  m]i  Similka- 
meen. 

37  45.9 

do 

do.... 

67 

96 

On  summit  of  isolateii   mountain 
of  Similkame'.'ii. 

39  56.6 

do 

do 

66 

97 
98 

On  left  liank  of . Similkameen  •. 

At  f (X)t  mountains  we«t  side  Similk- 
ameen Valley. 

40  32. 7 
42  20. 9 

do 

..  ..do 

06 
64 

do 

do.... 

99 

On  flat  east  side  of  f\,icam 

58  38.7 

do 

Nais-nu-loh    Sta- 
tion. 

63 

100 

East  and  near  to  stream 

•59  57.9 

do 

Nais-nu-loh    Sta- 
tion. 

62 

^ni 

On  sharp  ridge  west  side  of  stream. 

120  00  46. 1 

do 

do 

61 

.02 

On  bench,  east  side  of  Pasayten 
Valley. 

32  00.9 

do 

Camp  Pa-say- ten. 

60 

103 
KM 
105 

lot; 

On  slope  west  sideofl'asayten  Valley 
On  hillside  east  of  river ...  

32  29, 3 

38  51.9 

39  47.2 
121  0.,^  26.  6 

do 

do 

59 
58 
57 
56 

do 

do 

Roche  Station 

do.  . 

On  side  of  hiM  oast  of  Skagit  Valley. 

Camp  Skagit 

107 

On  side  of  niou!<tain  west  side  of 
Skagit  Valley. 

0-1  22.  ! 

do 

do 

55 

108 

At  foot  of  mountain  south  of  camp. 

16  41.4 

do 

Camp  Cliuch-che- 
bum. 

64 

109 
110 

West  of  and  near  tr;'il  tt)  Skagit  . . . 
East  of  and  near  trail  to  Skagit 

18  57. 3 

uo 

do 

do 

53 
52 

do 

111 

On  east  side  of  Klahaihu  Valley  . . . 

23  11.0 

do 

Camp  Chilowe- 
yuek. 

51 

112 
113 

On  west  side  of  Klahaihu  Valley... 

On    east   side   of    Ensaw-kwateli 
River. 

•J3  48  5 
30  08, 4 

do 

do 

50 
49 

do 

En-saw-kwatch 
Station. 

114 

On   west  side  of   Ensaw-kwatcli 
River. 

30  21.2 

Bench   mark 
t 

do 

48 

;|i 


36  NORTHWESTERN    BOUNDARY    OF   UNITED   STATES,      [bullhi. 

Tajjle  III. — Locations  and  longitmleM  of  the  boundary  monuments — Continued. 
FROM  AMERICAN  SOURCES— Continued. 


I  BAKER.] 

Table  1\ 


East  Hide  of  Hen-eh-siay  River 

Side  of  mountain  Houth  of  creeic . 


.do. 


Side  of  mountain  west  of  falls  of  creek 
Whatcom  trail  (last  iron  pillar)  a 


Small  bench  east  base  of  hill 

Summit  of  hill  cast  of  Sumass  Prairie. 


Bench  above  rocky  precipice 
Face  of  hill 


Small  bench  west  of  stream. 

Flat  east  of  stream 

Rising  proand 

Meridian  of  Camp  Sumass. . . 
East  side  of  Sumass  River. . . 
Trail  west  of  Sumass  River. . 


Trail  crossing  boundary 

Trail  on  sharp  ridge  west  of  swamp. 


No. 

115 

116 

117 
118 

119 

120 
121 

122 

123 

124 
126 
126 
127 

128 
129 

130 
131 

132 

133 

134 
135 
136 

137 
138 
139 

140 
141 
142 

143 
144 

146 

146 

147 
148 
149 
160 
151 
162  ;  First  bench  and  south  of  trail. 


Ijocation  of  monument. 


Flat  north  of  trail. 
Hill  cast  of  trail... 


East  bank  of  small  lake 

T.ail  crossing  boundary 

West  of  swamp  and  north  of  trail. 


Flat  north  of  trail 

Trail  crossing  boundary 

Trail  east  side  of  Cullam  Creek  . 


Flat  south  of  trail 

do 

Rising  ground  between  swamp  and  creek. 

Belt  of  timber  between  swamps 

Edge  of  slope  west  of  swamp 


Trail  west  bank  of  Sehkomchkl  Creek. 
Ridge  west  of  Sehkomehkl  Creek 


Flat  north  of  trail 

Small  ridge  south  of  trail 

Flat  south  of  trail 

Flat  near  stream,  south  of  trail . 
Latitude  mark,  British  station.. 


Longitudt' 


121  35  28.1 

42  56.:) 

43  31.  i; 
43  68.1 

!.'•.>  04  46.2 

.26.t; 
06  31.'J 


i^ 


No. 

115 

On 

S< 

11« 

On 

117 

■  .  .  . 

lis 

On 
of 

119 

On 
F 

120 

On 

121 

On 

12  55.  ■• 


On  t 


•'a  '  On  1 
ini 


):il 


'■v,    On 
i      of 
l:)7    On  f 


1)2    On  n 
of 

M:!    On  I 

ill    On 
an 

lir.    On  t 

scl 

in;    On 

117  On  fl 
MS  On  r 
Mil  On  f 
IM  :  On  fl 
IM  1  Latll 
irvj  I  On  fl 


a  A  pencil  note  heru  says:  "All  \ion  pillfirs  Irpui  w<;8(«ru  ^nd  (o  Wbcttvom  (ndl— 43iu  all— ^^ 
fiven  here." 


;S.      [BULL.iH   1^^^^^^ 

I 
iontinued. 


BOUNDARY   MONUMENTS. 


37 


I  Table  IV. — Locations,  longitudes,  and  descriptions  of  the  boundary  monuments — Cont'd, 
I  FROM  BRITISH  SOURCES— Continued. 


Longitude. 

O  '  II 

121  35  28.  I ' 

42  6«.  I! 

43  31.  C. 

43  58.1 

J.".'  04  45.2 

I  .20.  ('. 

06  31. 'J 

07  21.7 

07  50.  I 

08  38.  1 

10  02.  7 

II  00.  S 

11  52. 8 

12  4G.  ;i 
12  55.  -l 

14  01 

15  04.1 

16  29.  \ 

18  '10.- 

19  o^.y 

20  29.  1 

21  47.  (i 

22  20. 7 

23  05. ',» 

24  22.  7 

25  04  1 

:■•  iy.;! 

2!.  32.  •! 
2fl  :..■.  • 

30  07. '.) 

.    31  05. 1 

32  13. 7 

33  27. 7 

34  46.7 

36  08.O  i:;i 

37  01.  il 
37  26.1) 


trail— 43  In  nll-»| 


.No. 


115 
llij 

117 

118 

119 

120 
121 

122 

123 

121 
125 
12« 
127 
128 
129 

130 

i;i! 


^'!3 

m 

"■(; 

137 
138 
139 

140 
Ml 
142 

l-JH 
111 

1-ir. 
iifi 

147 
118 
14!) 

m 

151 
152 


Location  of  monument. 


On   ea.st  side   of    Sen-eii-say,   or 
Selaeee,  River. 

On  side  of  mountain  south  of  creek. 

do 

On  side  of  mountain  west  of  falls 
of  creek. 

On  De  Lacy's  trail,  Whatcom  to 
Fort  Hope,  cros.sing  line. 

On  bench  at  ba.se  of  hill 

On  top  of  mountain  east  side  of 
Sumass  Prairie. 

On  bench  above  rocky  precipice 
east  of  trail. 

On  face  of  hill  5  chains  from  base 
and  near  trail. 

On  bench  west  of  stream 

On  flat  east  of  stream 

On  mound  east  of  latitude  mark. . . 

Ijvtitude  mark  gumass 

On  ef  .Ht  side  of  Sunin.ss  River 

On  Whatcom  trail  west  side  -umass 
River. 

On  trail  crossing  boundary  line 

On  top  of  hill  west  of  swamp  and 
on  trail  crossing  line. 

On  flat  north  of  trail  and  west  of 
swamp. 

On  hill  20  chains  east  of  trail  cross- 
ing line. 

On  east  side  small  lake 

oil  trail  crossing  boundary  line 

On  west  side  of  swamo  and  north 
of  trail. 

On  flat  north  of  trail 

On  trail  crossing  boundary  line 

On  trail  crossing  boundary  line 
east  side  of  creek. 

On  flat  south  of  trail 

.  ..do 

On  slightly  elevated  ground  west 
of  creek. 

On  belt  of  timber  between  swamps. 

On  edge  of  slope  west  of  stream 
and  south  of  trail. 

On  trail  crossing  line  west  side  of 
Seh-ko-mehl  Creek, 

On    ridge    west   of  Seh-ko-mehl 
Creek. 

On  flat  north  of  trail 

On  ridge  south  of  trail  and  stream  . 

On  flat  south  of  trail 

On  flat  near  stream  south  of  trail . . . 

Latitude  mark,  British  station 

On  first  bench  south  of  trail 


Longitude. 


O    /    II 

121  35  28. 4 

42  66.3 

43  31. 6 
43.58.1 

122  4  45.2 

5  26.6 

6  31.9 

7  21.7 

7  50.4 

8  38.4 

10  02.7 

11  00.8 

11  52. 8 

12  46. 3 
12  56. 2 

14  01. 0 

15  04.1 

16  29.1 
18  00.6 


19  08.9 

19  55.1 

20  29.4 

21  47.6 

22  20.7 

23  06.9 

24  22.7 

26  04.1 

27  19.3 

28  32.9 

29  37.2 

30  07. 9 

31  06.1 

32  13. 7 

33  27. 7 

34  46. 7 

36  08.6 

37  01.6 
37  26. 9 


Description. 


Pile  of  stones, 

Pyramldof 
stones. 


.do. 
.do. 


Iron  pillar. 


.do. 
.do. 

.do. 

.do. 

.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 

.do. 
.do. 

.do. 

.do. 

.do. 
.do. 
.do. 

.do. 
.do. 
.do. 

.do. 
.do. 
.do. 

.do. 
.do. 

.do. 

.do. 

.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
•do. 
.do. 
.do. 


From  what  station 
determined. 


Sen-eh-say  Station 

Camp   Tummea- 
hai. 


.do. 
.do. 


Sumass    Station 
and  Camp. 

.....do 

,....do 


.do. 


.do. 


No.  in 
British 
Atlas. 


do , 

....do 

....do 

British  Station  , 

do 

....do 


.do. 
.do. 

.do. 

.do. 

.do. 
.do. 
.do. 

.do. 
.do. 
.do. 

.do. 
-do. 
.do. 

.do. 
.do. 

.do. 

.do. 

.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
.do. 
•do. 


47 

46 

45 
44 

43 

42 
41 

40 

39 

38 
37 
36 
35 
34 
33 

32 
31 

30 

29 

28 
27 
26 

25 
24 
23 

22 
21 
20 

19 

18 

17 

16 

16 
14 
13 
12 
11 
10 


1 

Si    ■  I 

i: 


1:    '[ 


m 


II 


38  NORTHWESTERN   BOUNDARY   OF  UNITED   STATES,      [bull.  174. 

Table  m.—Loccdions  and  longitudes  of  the  boundary  monuments— Continued. 
FROM  AMERICAN  SOURCES— Continued. 


No. 


163 
154 
155 
166 
167 

168 

159 
160 

161 


Location  of  monument. 


Longitude. 


Slope  south  of  trail 

Flat  w  est  of  ravine 

....d 

Small    1^             len  swamps. 
Parallel  su  

East  side  of  Point  Roberts 

Ridge  on  Point  Roberts 

Flat  east  of  Obelisk 

Initial  Point,  Obelisk  of  stone 


O         I         II 

122  88  45.5 

40  04.1 

41  22.7 

42  20.  f) 

43  69. '.) 

123  00  42. 9 

02  12.7 

03  02. 9 

03  53 


BAKER.; 


[  • 


I  T.^HLE  IV. 


N(p. 


irjs 

On  si 

154 

On  11 

155 

(3 

156 

On  8 

157 

Near 
Ba 

168 

One 

159 

Onr 

160 

Onf 

en 

161 

On  \ 

I 


■k 


[BULL.  174. 

itinued. 


Longitude. 

0        I         II 

122  88  45.5 

40(M.l 

41  22.7 

42  20.  f) 

43  69.  U 

123  00  42.9 

02  12.7 

03  02.9 

03  53 

BAKER.] 

Tamle 


BOUHDAKY    MONUMJiNTS.  ^^ 

l\.—Locatiom,  longitudes,  and  descriptims  of  the  iHjundarij  monuments— ConV d. 
?'ROM  BRITISH  SOURCKS— (loiitinued. 


N(p. 


l.')3 
154 
155 
156 

157 

158 

159 
160 

161 


Location  of  monument. 


Longitude. 


Description. 


From  what  station 
determined. 


No.  in 
Britisli 
Atlas. 


On  slope  soutli  of  trail 122  38  45.  C 


On  flat  west  of  ravine 

....do 

On  small  ridge  between  swamps  . . . 
Near  high-water  mark,  Simiahraoo 

Bay. 
On  east  side  of  Point  Roberts 


On  ridge 

On  flat  east  of  Obelisk,  Point  Rob- 
erta. 
On  west  face  of  Point  Roberts 


40  04.1 
11  22. 7 

42  20.5 

43  59.9 

123  00  42.9 

02  12. 7 

03  02.9 


Iron  pillar. 

do 

do 

do 

do 


...do. 


.do. 
.do. 


03  53.0     Obelisk. 


British  St<itlon  . . 

....do 

....do 

....do 

do 


(lampSimiahmoo 
observatory. 

do 

do 


,.l.i 


40 


NOBTHWESTERN    BOUNDARY    OF    UNITED   STATES,      [bull.  174. 


BAKER.] 


MAGNKTICS. 

Both  the  British  and  the  American  .surveyors  were  equipped  with 
an  outfit  of  instruments  for  determininj^  the  magnetic  declination, 
dip,  and  force.  The  British  instruments  were  standardized  at  Green- 
wich, and  the  resulting  elements  at  23  stations,  as  o])tained  by  Captain 
Haig,  were  dis<iussed  by  General  Sabine  and  published  in  the  Philo- 
sophical Transactions.  An  abstract  of  these  results  is  printed  on 
page  42  of  this  bulletin. 

As  to  the  results  by  the  American  parties,  much,  unfortunately, 
must  be  left  to  inference,  their  results  being,  suppo.sedl>',  in  the  "lost 
report.''  Mr.  Campbell,  writing  in  i860,'  says:  "A  magnetic  survey 
extending  over  ii  range  of  3^"  20'  in  latitude  and  4  in  longitude,  with 
the  necessary  observations  of  the  magnetic  elements  of  the  astronom- 
ical stations,  was  also  made."  The  work  appears  to  have  })een  done 
by  Mr.  J.  S.  Harris,  whose  results  were  secured  by  the;  United  States 
Coast  Survey.  From  these  it  appears  that  the  observations  covered  a 
considerably  larger  extent  of  territory  than  that  above  indicated  by 
Mr.  Campbell.  The  chai'acter  of  the  instrumental  outfit  and  its  fate 
in  the  field  can  be  inferred,  in  part,  from  the  two  following  pas- 
sages from  General  Parke's  report  of  progress,  written  November  12. 
1859:  "A  full  set  of  magnetic  observations  were  mad(;  at  one  station' 
(in  1858).'*  Also,  "I  am  happy  to  report  that  we  have  got  thus  far 
through  the  season's  Avork  without  any  damage  to  our  astronomicui 
instruments.  I  regret,  however,  that  Ave  have  been  less  fortunate 
with  the  magnetic  instruments.  The  mule  carrying  these  missed  his 
footing  and  rolled  down  a  precipitous  bank.  The  magnetic  theodo- 
lite will  have  to  be  replaced,  and  the  other  instruments  will  require 
repairing. " '' 

The  Coast  and  Geodetic  Survey  has  furnished  from  its  manuscript 
registers  the  following  table  of  results  for  declination,  dip,  and 
intensity. 


1  House  Ex.  Doc.  Nc.  80,  Fortieth  Congre.><.s,  tliinl  session,  )i.  9.'). 
-Senate  Ex.  Doc.  No.  l(i,  Thirty-sixth  Congres.s,  first  session,  p.  6. 
•'Same,  pp.  t)-7 


r 


;1 
-I 


I 


[BULL.  174,     1;     BAKER.] 


MAGNETICS. 

Declinaticm,  dip,  and  force  for  the  mean  epoch  1860. 


41 


►ped  with 
slination, 
it  Grecn- 
y  Captain 
tie  Philc- 
•inted  on 

tunately, 
the  "lost 
ic  survey 
ude,  with 
istronoiii- 
een  done 
ed  Statos 
povered  a 
icated  by 
d  its  fate 
v'ing  pas- 
'inber  1;^. 
!  station' 
thus  far 
•onomica! 
fortunate 
lissed  his 
i;  theodo- 
1  require 

anuscript 
dip,   and 


■        V.    ,-.u„r.H  «  Harris  United  States  Northwestern  Boundary  Commission, 


r' 


St4Vtion. 


Magnetic  station 

Do 

CiunpNo.ll 

(amp No.  14,  Joseph  I'rairie 

Magnetic  station 

Do 

Do 

I'uon  Prairie 

Spokane  Ferry 

ColviUc  Depot 

Tukannon  River ••  - 

Liigenbeel  Crock 

Cow  Creek 

Dry  Creek 

Magnetic  station 

Do 

NearWallnla 

CampOsoyooH 

Magnetic  station 

Do 

Skagit 

Magnetic  station 

( !amp  Chiloweynck 

Magnetic  station 

Do 

Do 

Semiahmoo 

I'olnt  Roberts 


42 


NORTHWESTERN   BOUNDARY   OP    UNITED   STATES,      [bull.  174. 


BAKER.] 


I 

w. 


w 


Declination,  dip,  and  force  for  Ihe  mean  epoch  1860. 

[Abstract  of  results  obtained  byCapt.  R.  W.  Haig,  R.  A.,  with  standard  instruments,  between 
August,  1868,  and  August,  1861,  in  connection  with  the  survey  of  the  northwest  boundary.  From 
Philosophical  Transactions  of  the  Royal  Society,  1804,  vol.  154,  pp.  161-166.] 


Station. 


Alcamina  station 

Wigwam  station 

Tobacco  Plains  (Kootcnay)  . 

On  Kootenai  River 

South  Crossing  (Kootcnay) . . 

Chelemta 

Pacli  River 

Sinyak  wateen 

Chemikane  River 

Colville  B.  B.  C.  Barracks . . . . 

Inshwolntum 

Osoyoos  station 

Afihtnolou  station 

On  Ashtnolou  River 

Do 

Dalles,  8-milc  camp 

Dalles,  3-mile  camp 

Chlluweyuk 

Schweltza  Lake 

Sumass  Prairie 

Nlsqually 

Fort  Vancouver 

Esquimau 


Latitude. 


49  01 

19  00 

48  57 

48  40 

48  22 

48  41 

48  22 

48  09 

48  00 

48  40 

49  00 
49  00 
49  00 
49  07 
49  10 
45  40 
45  35 
49  02 
49  02 
49  01 

47  07 
45  38 

48  26 


Longi- 
tude. 


114  04 

114  45 

115  08 
115  17 

115  21 

116  19 
116  28 

116  44 

117  45 

118  05 

118  28 

119  24 

120  00 
120  00 
120  00 
120  49 

120  49 

121  23 

122  00 
122  12 
122  25 

122  28 

123  27 


East  dec- 
lination. 


22    56 
22    60 


22  36 

22  28 

22  27 

22  19 

22  10 

21  57 

22  11 
22  15 
22  07 
22  12 
22  04 
22  06 


20  27 


21  44 

21  42 

20  51 

20  13 

21  20 


Dip. 


73  38 

73  30 

73  24 

73  09 

72  55 

72  59 

72  43 

72  30 

72  12 

72  39 

72  50 


72    34 


72  42 

69  49 

69  46 
72  21 
72  14 
72  11 

70  39 
69  28 

71  30 


Total  force. 


Br.  units. 


13.522 
.496 
.481 
.460 
.443 
.423 
.401 
.238 
.334 
.367 
.361 


.306 


.315 
.091 
.087 
.267 
.234 
.226 
.111 
.026 
.148 


C.Q.S. 
units. 


0.6235 
0.6223 
0.6216 
0.6206 
0.6198 
0. 6189 
0.6179 
0.6104 
0.6148 
0.6159 
0.6161 


0.6135 


0. 6139 
0.6036 
0.6034 
0. 6113 
0.6102 
0.6098 
0.6046 
0.6006 
0.6062 


EliEVATIONS. 

Elevations  were  dotermined  along  and  near  the  boundary  by  both 
the  American  and  Bvitish  parties  throughout  the  progress  of  tue  sur- 
vey. Most  of  them  were  measured  barometrically;  a  few  were  deter- 
mined by  triangulation. 

Among  the  State  Departmen*.  papers  is  a  short  summary  or  table  of 
heights  determined  ])y  the  British,  and  a  longer  and  incomplete  list 
of  elevations  determined  by  the  United  States  parties. 

The  British  list,  contained  on  two  leaves  of  blue  foolscap  paper,  is  enti- 
tled: "Abstract  of  the  principal  heights  determined  by  barometrical 
measurements  on  the  line  of  the  North  American  boundary  in  the 
years  1859,  60-61." 

The  table  contains  eight  columns.  The  first  ?  i  es  the  year;  the 
second,  name  of  station;  third,  latitude;  fourth,  longitude;  fifth, 
barometer  (always  marked  A  or  M,  meaning  probably  aneroid  or 
mercurial);  sixth,  number;  seventh,  elevation  above  sea  level;  eighth, 
how  determined.  The  paper  is  not  dated  or  signed.  Columns  2,  3, 
4,  and  7  of  that  table  are  here  printed  on  pages  43  and  44. 


■BUtl,.  174. 


BAKER.] 


ELEVATIONS. 


43 


I,  between 
}y.    From 


1235 
1223 

[2O6 
K198 
p89 

JlW 
1148 
il59 
ilCl 


The  American  list  is  entitled:  "Data  concerning  the  determination 
of  altitudes  by  the  U.  S.  I^.  W.  Boundary  Commission  in  the  years 
1857,  58,  59,  and  60." 

This  data  is  contained  in  two  cahiers,  of  six  double  sheets  each, 
designated  Vol.  I  and  Vol.  II.  The  first  one  has  been  revised  through- 
out; the  second  one  is  apparently  revised  in  part  only  and  is  incom- 
plete. The  data  is  in  nine  columns.  The  first  gives  the  date  "when 
occupied;"  the  second,  the  name  of  station;  third,  barometer  (desig- 
nated by  number,  790,  1224,  1219,  1226);  fourth,  number;  fifth,  lati- 
tude; sixth,  longitude;  seventh,  observer;  eighth,  altitude;  ninth, 
remarks.     We  here  print  columns  2  and  9  (consolidated),  5, 6,  and  8. 

Elevations  along  the  forty-ninth  parallel  from  the  Pacific  Ocean  to  the  Rocky  Mountains, 
determined  hflrometrically,  in  the  years  1857-1860,  by  the  British  Northwestern  Boundary 
Commission. 


No. 


3 
4 

5 

G 

7 

8 

9 

10 

11 

12 

13 

14 

15 

16 

17 
18 
19 
20 
21 
22 
23 

24 
25 


2G 
27 
2H 
29 
30 


Station. 


River  about  'j    miles  below  lower  end  of  Chief 
Mountain  I.«ke 

Watershed  in  South  Kootenai  Pass 

Mountain  near  following  station 

End  of  boundary  line,  watershed  in  latitude  49°.. 

Terminal  latitude  station 

Watershed  on  trail  below  Summit  Station 

Mule  Camp 

Junction  of  trails  south  of  Kootenai  Pass 

Flathead  latitude  station 

Ford  of  Flathead  River 

Flathead  Valley,  upper  terrace 

Wigwam  River  Station 

Watershed,  Tobacco  and  Wigwam 

Camp  [near  head  of  Tobacco  River,  homeward]  . . . 

Camp  near  head  of  Tobacco  River  [outward] 

f  Camp  on  Tobacco  River— home  ward 

ICamp  on  Tobacco  River— outward 

Mooyle  cutting 

Crossingof  Mooyie  River 

Second  ridge  west  of  Yakh  River 

First  ridge  west  of  Yakh  River 

High  peak  above  following  station 

Watershed,  Kootanie  and  Yakh  rivers 

Watershed  at  head  of  Mooyie  River 

Yakh  River  Station 


Latitude. 


49 

49 
49 
49 
49 
49 
48 
48 
48 
48 


0  00 

57  01 

5«  18 

69  43 

57  23 


8    53    0« 


18    49    Oi 


Third  crossing,  Kootanie  River  on  Tobacco  plains 
near  trading  post 


Secpnd  crossing,  Kootanie  River 

Chelempta  Kootanie  River 

Slnyakwateen  Ferry 

Lake  9  miles  south  of  Slnyakwateen  . 
Edge  of  wood,  Spokane  plbins 


49 
48 

48 
48 


00  00 

54  08 

51  17 

33  65 


58    13 
27    00 


48    69    55 


48    37    30 


Longitude. 


114 


3  25 

3  34 

3  54 

7  30 

11  42 

21  06 

24  24 

28  40 

45  02 

45  02 

45  43 


53 


•Xi 


llfi 


11  40 

11  38 

8  30 

4  00 


115 
116 


26    00 
46    00 

38    48 


10    00 


48 

22 

01 

26 

30 

48 

41 

15 

116 

34 

24 

48 

09 

16 

50 

20 

48 

00 

03 

52 

00 

48 

48 

35 

117 

00 

45 

Eleva- 
tion. 


Feet. 

5,028 
6,970 
8,451 
7,524 
6,548 
5,859 
6,191 
4,753 
4,136 
4,073 
4,267 
4,694 
5,332 
4,350 
4,358 
2,998 
3,103 
2,252 
2, 142 
4,460 
5,791 
8,631 
7,664 
2,920 
2,927 
2,998 
2,228 
2,296 
2,300 
2,136 
1,712 
1,996 
2,192 
2,143 


44  NORTHWESTERN   BOUNDARY    OF   UNITED   STATES,      [bull.  174 

Elevations  along  the  forty-ninth  parallel,  etc. — Continued. 


IlAKER.l 


No. 


31 
32 
33 
34 

35 

36 
37 
38 
39 
40 
41 
42 
43 
44 
45 
46 
47 
48 
49 

50 

51 
62 
53 
54 
55 
56 
57 
58 
59 
60 

61 

62 


64 

65 
66 


Rtation. 


PlanUi  house 

Little  Spokan  Springs 

Spolcan  River— west  bend  . 
Cli£m-a-kaDe  bridge 


Latitude. 


o     / 
48    42 
48    46 

47  53 

48  0 


N.  A.  B,  C.  Bataucks,  at  Colvllle,  Columbia  River. 


Fort  Shepherd 

Third  boundary  crossing  of  Colville  River. . 

Statapoostin  Station 

Camp  8i  miles  below  In-ohil-in-tum  Station 

In-chrt-in-tum  Station 

Camp  on  line  near  Roc):  Creek 

Haigs  Pond 

Camp  Archer,  near  Osoyoos 

Larchtree  Hill 

Similkamecn  River,  near  Vermilion  Forks  . 

Camp  above  Similkamecn 

(^amp  near  MfKxlys  Flat 

Camp  21  miles  out  on  roiul 

Fort  Hope 


48  39  58 


49  01 

48  58 

49  00 
49  00 
49  00 

48  59 

49  00 

48  .59 

49  00 


OsoyoosLake 49    00    00 


Similkamecn  River 

Haynes  house , 

Similkamecn— lower  ford 

Highest  Ashtnolon  Mountain . 

Ashtnolon  Station 

Upper  Ashtnolon  Ford 

Ashtnolon  Cache 

Ptarmigan  Hill 

Mouth  of  Pasayten  River 

Roche  River  Station 


Mouth  of  Roche  River . 


Camp  about  600  feet  below  summit  on  east  side  of 
routward 

Ho»>n»een^retuming 

Summit  of  Hozomeen  Pass 


Skagit  Ford 


Chuchchehum  Pass 
Chiloweyuck  Lake . , 


49  02 

49  12 

48  58 

48  69 

49  08 
49  07 
49  08 
49  G9 
48  59 


49    03    30 


|49    02 

49    02 

49    08 

00 
01 


Longitude. 


O         I 

117  17 
29 
40 

116    46 


119  43 
63 

120  01 
02 
03 
19 
26 
36 
41 


118    05    10 


117  36 

118  13 
17 
25 
30 

119  02 

8 
19 
13 


119    20    40 


44  40 

69  30 

121    00  46 

11  05 

17  40 

25  10 


Eleva- 
tion. 


Peel. 

2,018 

1,6)1 

1,42:! 

1,890 

1,2C.« 

1,:{36 

1,405 

1,51.-, 
1,871 
1,991 
2,351 
3,784 
2,880 
3,964 
1,697 
3,031 
4,119 
1,652 
rdlO 
757 
928 
949 
1,180 
1,130 
1,244 
')7,600 
5,658 
2,431 
3,656 
6,331 
3,060 
4,300 
3,774 
3,459 

5,538 
6,527 
6,277 
1,640 
1,63'J 
4,719 
2,052 


a  Assumed. 


b  Approximate. 


BULL.  174. 


IIAKER.] 


ELEVATIONS. 


45 


leva- 
Ion. 


Kh'vnlioiiK  (il  DHj  tlu'  forhi-ninth  pnralli't  from  the  I'lirifu:  Ocntn  In  thi'  linrkif  MowikihiK, 
determined  barometricaUi/  in  the  years  1857-1860  by  the  United  Stateii  Northwestern 
Boundary  Comnmaion.  ■ 


No. 


10 
11 

]'2 

Vi 

11 

15 

16 

17 
IH 
19 
20 
21 
22 

2a 

24 
25 
20 
27 

28 
29 


.SUltioll. 


Camp  Simiahmoo , 

Camp  SuinnsH , 

HiimaHH  Crwk,  mouth  of;  by  the  (Teek  and  lake 
about  15  miles  below  Camp  SiimaKs,  aljout  57 
miles  from  the  nea;  onli;  'iry  tides  ri.so  liere  ulM)Ut 
Ifoot 

Mountains  east  of  I'ckosie  I^ke 

Harrim^n  Lake 

Harrison  or  Shook -o-meh  River,  moutli  of 


Chiloweyuek  River,  near  Hudson  Bay  Company 
fishery 

Hach-teha  village,  alMHit  77  miles  alxive  moiitli  of 
Fraser  River 


Skow-mil-lni  village, 
of  Fraser  River. . . 


about  90  miles  above  nioutli 


Fort  Hope,  altitude  of  Fraser  River 

Indian  village  on  Chiloweyuek  River,  5  miles 
above  Chiloweyuek  Depot 

Foot  of  first  high  ridge  a'i  r  leaving  Chiloweyuek 
Depot, 

Chiloweyuek  River,  north  bank,  11  miles  alxjve 
Chiloweyuek  Depot,  in  flat  below  mouth  of  Tum- 
meahai  "Creek,  at  foot  of  first  mountain  over 
whieb  trail  pas.ses 

Chiloweyuek  River:  Frenelnnans  Camp,  21  miles 
above  Chiloweyuek  Depot 

Chiloweyuek  River;  moiUh  of  rtzetza  (second 
large  tributary  from  the  north),  2(i  miles  above 
Chiloweyuek  Depot 


Latitude. 


49    00.7 
01.4 


0«.7 

48  .58.6 

49  19.1 


Chiloweytick  River;  Sainana  villiige,  24  miles 
above  Chiloweyuek  Depot  and  2  miles  above 
mouth  of  Seuelisay  Creek 


Chiloweyuek  River;  'X\  miles  alxive  Chiloweyuek 
Depot  and  :!  mile.s.  Ijelow  ('hiloweyuek  Lake 

Chiloweyuek  River,  10  miles  al)ove  Clilloweyuek 
Depot 

Trail,  Chiloweyuek  Depot  to  Chiloweyuek  lake; 
spring  west  of  summit  of  first  liigh  ridge 

Trail,  Chiloweyuek  Depot  to  Chiloweyuek  Jjikc, 
summit  first  ridge , 

Tummeahal  Creek,  mouth  of  (25  feet  above  water) , 
15  miles  above  Chiloweyuek  Depot , 


Chiloweyuek  Depot  (15  feet  above  mean  water), 
63  miles  from  the  sea 


Camp  TL^moahal,  3  miles  above  mouth  of  Tum- 
meahai  Cnjek 


Forks  of  Tummeahal, 
Tumnieahai  Creek  . . 


7  miles  above  mouth  of 


Put-lush-go-hap  Lake,  on  Main  Fork  Tummeahal 
Creek,  10  miles  above  its  mouth 


Foot  of  rapids  in  Tummeahal  Creek,  below  lake, 
9i  miles  from  ereck's  mouth 

Divide  between  Tummeahal  Creek  (Main  Fork) 
and  8en-eh-say  and  Nooksahk,  12  miles  above 
mouth  of  Tummeahal  Creek,  11  miles  from 
mouth  of  Sen-eh-say  Creek,  and  5  miles  from 
Nuquoichum,  tributary  of  the  Nooksahk 

Timimeahai  Creek  (head  of  South  Fork) ,  11  miles 
above  mouth  of  Tummeahal  Creek 


Divide  between  Nooksahk  and  Tummcahai  (South 
Fork),  Hi  miles  above  mouth  of  Tummeahal 
Creek  and  14  miles  above  Cowap,  tributary  of 
the  Nooksahk 


49    07.8 
06.9 

05.0 
05.1 

IM").  (i 

05.8 
OK.U 
0(1.0 
05.7 
05.5 
01.4 
09.5 
02.1 
00.2 
48  58.5 
59.2 

57.4 
57.8 

W.4 


lx.ngitude.!    Eleva- 


122    4.5.5 
11.9 


04.3 

01.0 

121    43.4 


121     56.0 
.■i6.2 

51.9 
42.  ;i 

3fi.  8 


39.4 
44.9 

44.8 


Feel. 


11 
14 


7 
4,991 

:io 

20 

15 

29 

7(1 
120 

77 

179 

419 
723 

1,071 


39.3 

913 

30.7 

1,560 

r.7,« 

167 

A.  I 

1,027 

54.2 

l,2t)8 

19.3 

100 

58.0 

:« 

47.6 

1,146 

43.8 

2,066 

41.0 

3,639 

41.3 

2,916 

6,117 
3, 745 


4{\ 


NORTHWESTERN    BOUNDARY    OF    UNITED   STATES.      [boll.171. 
Eli'vatiovM  (ilonij  thcjorty-nhuh  pnritlld,  etc, — ContimuHl. 


IIAKEH.] 


No. 


au 


Stntion. 


31 
32 


3t 

35 
8C 
37 

;i« 

3!) 
40 
•11 
12 
i-i 

41 

15 
•16 

•17 

■IH 
•19 

50 

51 

52 

53 

51 

55 

56 
57 

68 

58 

60 

61 

62 
63 

64 


Iji-yomo-sln  Crock,  proxsinir  ftbout  i  inllo  abovo 
mouth,  11  miles  above  Clilloweyiick  Dl'imjI 

Lii-yomc-sln  Creek,  1  miles  nbovo  mouth 


Summit,  cost  heml  of  La-yome-sin  luul  Nooksfthk,  H 
miles  above  mouth  of  Ln-yome-sin 


Summit  of  mountaiu  in  ilividc  between  La-yomc- 
sin  and  Tummcahai,  near  junction  of  tliis  ridge 
with  the^Chiloweyuek-NookHahk  divide 


(Ihiloweytick-Nooksahk  divide,  hiKhest  point  in 
this  immediate  vieinity 


Summit  Kaisootst  Mountain 

Summit  Signal  peak 

Summit  Tummcahai 

Divide  between  Nooksahk  and  Tummeahai 

Summit  La-yome-sin  Mountain 

Summit  Klehtlakoli  Mountain 

Near  summit  Put-lush-go-hap  Mountain 

Summit  Put-lush-go-hap  Mountain 

Sen-ch-say  Creek,  mouth  of,  22  miles  above  Chllo- 
weyuck  Depot 

Sen-eh-say  Creek,  5  miles  from  mouth,  at  mouth 
of  Chucnum  Creek , 

Sen-eh-say  Creek,  8  miles  from  mouth,  at  forks . . . 

Sen-eh-say  Creek,  11  miles  from  mouth,  at  head  of 
West  Fork 

En-saaw-kwatch  Creek,  mouth  of,  29  miles  above 
Chiloweyuck  Depot 

Kn-saaw-kwatch  Creek,  4  miles  above  it.s  moutli. . 

En-saaw-kwatch  Creek,  heads  of,  10  miles  above 
its  mouth 

Divide  between  two  western  tributaries  of  Klab- 
neh  Creek,  4i  miles  from  mouth  of  tributaries... 

High  point  on  same  divide;  En-saaw-kwatch  and 
Klab-neh 


First  western  tributary  of  Klab-nch  Creek,  4  miles 
above  its  mouth 


First  western  tributary  of  Klnb-neh  Creek  mouth 
of,  2  miles  above  mouth  of  Klab-neh  and  42i 
miles  above  Chiloweyuck  Depot 

Camp  Chiloweyuck  on  Klab-neh  Creek,  1  mile 
above  Lake  Depot , 

Lake  Depot  on  Chiloweyuck  Lake  (6  feet  above 
lake  level,  approximately) 

Peak  west  of  Chiloweyuck  Lake , 

Pekosie  Lake,  4  miles  above  mouth  of  Pekosie 
Creek 


Nooksahk  River,  46  miles  above  mouth,  and  4 
miles  above  mouth  of  Pekosie  Creek 


Nooksahk  River,  60  miles  above  mouth,  at  mouth 
of  Cowap  Creek 

Nooksahk  River,  63  miles  above  mouth,  near  mouth 
of  Noochsakatsu,  South  Branch , 

Nooksahk   River,  56  mile*  above  mouth,  near 
mouth  of  Tchahko,  South  Branch 

Nooksahk  River,  62  miles  above  mouth,  right  bank. 

Nooksahk  River,  66  miles  above  mouth,  right 
bank,  at  mouth  of  Nuquoichum 

Head  of  Nuquoichum,  4^  miles  from  mouth 


Lalltude. 


19    04.3 
02.8 

00.0 

(H).  1 

IS    59.2 

57.8 

59.2 

19    01.9 

48    57.3 

•19    01.9 

11.0 

■IH    59.7 

59.7 

•19    04.0 

02.0 

48  59.8 

57.7 

■19   a').,-> 
02. 2 

■18    58.5 

57.4 

57.0 

58.2 

59.6 

49  00.4 

01.8 
02.2 

48    58.9 

M.6 

53.7 

53.3 

53.2 
53.9 

54.1 
67.8 


liongitudo. 


121  M.O 
52.9 

19. 4 

49.  tl 

53.0 

57.0 

122    00.1 

121  46.1 
■13.5 
50.5 
10.0 

;«.8 

38.8 

•10.8 

38.  () 
36.7 

39. 4 

31.7 
32.7 

29.4 

28.3 

28.4 

27. 3 

23.5 
23.7 

•a.o 

26. 6 

122  02.8 
02.6 

121    57.0 

65.1 

52.0 
44.7 

40.3 
38.0 


net. 

l,02(i 
5,212 


4,930 

5,200 
6,289 
4,991 
6,633 
5,893 
5,884 
'•  840 
j 


823 

1,621 
2,394 

3,302 

1,296 
2,900 

5,073 

5,617 

6,866 

4,317 

2,076 

2,002 

1,997 
7,244 

790 

636 

701 

6936 

1,299 
1,307 

2,044 
5,461 


a"Sammlt  perhaps  300  feet  higher."    H.  Custer,  1?63. 

b  Observations  taken  on  the  trail  find  ' '  should  not  perhaps  be  taken  as  the  height  of  the  river." 


(BULL.  171, 


Feet. 

1,026 

5, 212 


4,9;«) 

5,200 
5,289 
4,991 
i\  633 
5,893 
6,884 
'■  S40 


823 

1,621 
2,  ,394 

3,302 

1,296 
2,900 


790 

635 

701 

6936 


BAKKK.)  ELKVATIONH. 

JClevatiotm  along  tlie  Joftij'iihUh  jxiralld,  dr. — ContiiuKMl. 


47 


No. 

.      Station. 

Latitude. 

Longitude. 

Kieva- 
tion. 

(!.'■) 

06 

67 

(W 
09 
70 

71 

72 
73 

74 

75 
76 

77 
78 
79 

80 

81 

82 

83 
8-1 

85 
86 
87 
88 

89 
90 

91 
92 
93 

94 

95 

96 
97 

Limit  of  growth  of  timber,  IMit-lnsh-Ko-linp  Moun- 
tain   

O              ' 

19    00.0 
48    57.6 

l«.i    05. 7 

07.  2 

08.8 

09.5 

09.6 
12.3 

10.0 

09.3 
07.8 

08.0 
10.6 
07.7 

01.6 

02.4 

01.6 

01.2 
01.9 

00.6 
00.5 
00.4 
00.9 

00.4 
02.3 

00.1 
00.2 

48    58.0 

57.2 

66.8 

64.8 
64.0 
54.0 

o           / 

121     39.0 
37.5 

26. 2 
25.  f) 
24.8 

24. 3 

24.4 
21.4 

18.0 

16.8 
13.6 

13.0 
14.5 
08.5 

14.6 

14.3 

14.4 

14.4 
13.4 

15.3 
16.3 
15.1 
16.3 

15.6 
16.3 

16.7 
20.2 
22.6 

23.1 

23.3 

26.2 
25.6 
26.9 

net. 

II,  593 
11,117 

1,973 

2,662 

2,843 

3,259 

3, 132 
1,917 

1,927 

1,948 
1,820 

1,860 
6,480 
1,752 

3,ai7 

3,491 

3,5.50 

4,080 
5,718 

4,505 
4,445 
4, 143 

5,664 

3,726 
6,837 

3,420 
2,592 
2,078 

2,090 

2,M3 

2,414 
2,638 
4,410 

do 

Kockolum  Crock,  half  mile  nl)ovo  mouth  (mouth 
Ih  hiilf  mile  Iwlow  Chlloweyuek) 

Koi^kolum  Creek,  3  miles  nbovc  mouth,  outlet  of 
first  lake  (Kehkawalum) 

Kockolnm  Creek,  4i  miles  above  month,  between 
two  lakes 

Ko<ikolnm  Creek,  54  miles  above  mouth,  divide 
from  Kichkwinnium;  near  head  of  Indian  Lake 
and  4  miles   from  mouth  of  this  tributary  of 
Klehkwunnum 

Water  of  second  lake,  16  miles  from  mouth  of 
Klehkwunnum  a 

Klehkwunnum  Creek,  moutli  of  Pips  Creek 

Klehk wininum  Creek,  19  miles  from  mouth,  marsh 
lakes  near  head  of 

Divide  between  Skaclt  and  Fraser  rivers,  head  of 

Junction  of  Man-sel-pan-ik  and  Kle-sU-kwu  creeks. 

Junction  of  Man-sel-pan-ik  and  Kle-sil-k  wu  creeks, 
44  miles  above  mouth  of  Kle-sll-kwu 

High  mountain,  norvheast  side  of  Klehkwunnuin. 

Skagit  Ford,  110  miles  from  mouth  of  Skagit  Uiver. 

Man-sel-pan-ik  Creek,  4  miles  from  junction  with 
Kle-sil-k wn  Creek 

Man-sel-pan-ik  Creek,  7  miles  from  junction  with 
Kle-sll-kwu  Creek 

Man-sel-pan-ik  Creek,  74  miles  from  junction  with 
Kle-sll-kwu  Creek,  first  western  tributary 

Man-sel-pan-ik  Creek,  8  miles  from  junction  with 
Kle-sil-kwu  Creek,  where  Whatcom  trail  strikes 
it 

Man-sel-pan-ik  and  Skagit  divide,  second  summit 
on  Whatcom  trail 

Summit  on    trail,  Chuch-ehe-hum   to  Skagit,  9 
miles  from  mouth  of  Man-sel-pan-ik;  7  miles  from 
mouth  of  Chuch-che-hum 

Lowest  point  of  same  Uivide 

Head  of  gorge  150  yards  west  of  divide 

Summit  of  old  Whatcom  trail 

Blue  Lake,  6  miles  from  mouth  of  Chuch-che-hum 
Creek 

Divide,  Chiloweyuck-Skagit- Fraser . . . .' 

Camp  Chuch-che-hum,  54  miles  from  mouth  of 
Chuch-che-hum  Creek 

Nef  Prairie,  3  miles  southeast  of  Lake  Depot 

Klab-neh  Creek,  4  miles  from  mouth 

Klab-nch  Creek,  5  miles  from  mouth,  first  tribu- 
tary from  the  east 

Klab-neh  Creek,  7  miles  from  mouth,  near  second 
large  tributary  from  the  east 

Klab-neh  Creek,  94  miles  from  mouth,  near  third 
large  tributary  from  the  east 

Klab-neh  Creek,  10  miles  from  mouth 

Near  summit  of  ridge  west  of  Klab-neh 

aThis  is  supposed  to  be  the  lowest  of  all  the  divides  between  these  two  streams,  20  miles  from 
mouth  of  Klehkwunnum  Creek  and  7  miles  from  mouth  of  Kle-sil-kwu  Creek. 

b  This  stream  Is  supposed  to  fall  gently  till  near  its  entrftnce  into  Frwser  River,  2  miles  b^low  Fort 
Hope,  wher«  it  becomes  rapid. 


48  NORTHWESTERN    BOUNDARY    OF    UNITP^D   STATES,      [bull.  174. 

Elevations  itUmg  the  forty-mnth  parallel,  etc. — Continued. 


BAKEB.] 


,■  )■ 


No. 


Its 


100 
101 

102 

103 

104 
105 
lot! 
107 
108 

109 
110 
111 
112 
113 

lU 

116 

lie 

117 

118 

119 

120 

121 
122 

123 
124 

126 


126 
127 
128 
129 
130 
131 


Station. 


Summit  of  Gout  Mountain;  divide  between  Klab- 
neJi  iind  Ziikeno  (tributiiry  of  tlie  Sljagit),  30 
miles  iiljove  mouth  of  Zal(cno,  50  miles  above 
moiitli  of  Slcagit,  and  Iti  miles  from  mouth  of 
Klab-nch 


On  divide  Klaheh  Creek,  a  bnuieh  of  Red  Moun- 
tain Creek,  4  miles  above  mouth  of  latter 

Red  Mountfiin  Creek 


Red  Mounfaiin  Creek,  4i  miles  above  mouth,  near 
head  of  southern  braneh 


Divide  Klab-neh  and  Glaeier  erceks,  8i  miles 
above  mouth  of  Red  Mountain  Creek,  15  miles 
above  mouth  of  Glacier  C!reek 


Glacier  Creek  (Sko-melpua-n(X)k),  head  or  llrst 
forks  of,  13i  miles  above  it«  mouth 

Glacier  Creek,  11  miles  above  its  mouth 

Glacier  Creek,  9  miles  above  its  mouth 

Glacier  Creek,  5  miles  above  its  mouth 

Glacier  Creek,  2^  miles  above  its  mouth 


Glacier  Creek,  mouth  of,  junction  with  Skagit,  84 
miles  from  mouth  of  Skagit , 


Skagit  River,  K7  uiiles  above  its  mouth 

Skagit  River,  82  miles  above  its  mouth , 

Skagit  River,  71  miles  above  its  mouth , 

Skagit  River,  frt  miles  alK)ve  its  mo'.'th , 

Camp  Skagit,  90  miles  above  mouth  of   Skagit 
(16  feet  above  river) , 

t'ikagit  Cache,  in  Skagit  Valley,  2  miles  castof  river. 

Camp  on  tributary  of  Skagit,  i  mile  above  mouth; 
its  mouth  97  miles  above  Skagit's  mouth 


Camp  on  tributary  of  Skagit  (Ke-po-pe-eh-kum), 
1  mile  above  mouth;  its  mouth  99  miles  above 
Skagit's  mouth , 

Camp  on  Skagit  (15  feet  above  water),  100  miles 
above  Skagit's  mouth , 

Camp  on  Skagit  (25  feet  above  water),  101  miles 
above  Skagit's  mouth , 


Camp  on  slough  of  Skagit,  10-t  miles  above  Skagit's 
mouth , 


Latitude. 


Camp  on  Skagit  (20  feet  alwve  water),  108  miles 
above  Skagit's  mouth 


Siiagit  River,  115  miles  above  its  mouth 

Skagit  River,  120  miles  al)ove  its  mouth,  above 
mouth  of  Kullas  Creek « 


High  point  on  divide,  Skagit-Similkameeii 

Camp  near  Skagit-Similkameen  divide,  126  miles 
from  mouth  of  the  Skagit 


Near  head  of  large  tributary  to  the  Skagit,  9  miles 
from  its  entrance  Into  the  Skagit,  at  which 
point  the  elevation  is  about  1,980  feet,  the  point 
being  1'22  miles  above  its  mouth 


Summit  of  pass  between  Skagit  and  Similkameen, 
126  miles  from  mouth  of  Skagit , 


Lake,  head  of  Similkameen,  125  miles  from  mouth 
of  Similkameen , 


Camp,  first  forks,  a  122  miles  from  mouth  of  Sim- 
ilkameen   


On  divide,  crossing  a  great  bend  of  the  Similka- 
meen   


Fo.'t  Hope  trail,  1  mile  east  of  junction  with  What- 
com, near  two  small  lakes 

High  point  on  trail 


IS    .'jl.7 

52.0 
.52.6 

50.9 

52.0 

52.0 
52. 9 
53.3 
,51.4 
M.4 

,55.0 
57.2 
53.5 
48.6 
44.2 

49    00.0 
02. 2 

01.6 

(Vi.  6 

02.9 

03.6 

04.7 

0(i.7 
11.0 

14.1 
18.3 

17.8 


16.3 

17.9 

18.3 

'21.6 

23.2 

25.8 
26.0 


Longitude. 


121    '24.0 

■24. 2 
'23.1 

21.4 

17.6 


02.0 

03.1 

04.0 

04.3 

05.0 

07.2 
0-2.6 

03.0 

120    56.8 

58.1 


Eleva- 
tion. 


Fed. 


5,862 

5, 106 
2,932 

3,754 
5,107 


15.4 

'2,891 

13.4 

•2,560 

11.2 

•2, '292 

08.0 

2,075 

M.7 

1,940 

02.4 

1,525 

03.4 

1,631 

01.2 

1,468 

01.6 

1,405 

o-j.o 

1,298 

02.8 

1,673 

01.2 

1,748 

1,5«6 

1,611 

1,6*24 

1,637 

1,675 

1,727 
1,812 

1,947 
6,871 

6,254 


52.1 

2,969 

59.0 

6,068 

57.6 

6,307 

63.7 

4,163 

6'2.0 

6,074 

62.5 

5,947 

61.9 

5,490 

No. 


132 
133 

134 

136 

136 

137 
138 
139 

140  I 

141 
142 


a  Whatcom  trail  leaves  river. 


[BULL.  174. 


BAKER.] 


ELEVATIONS. 


49 


Elevations  along  the  forty-ninth  parallel,  etc. — Continued. 


Klevii- 
Ition. 

\yeet. 


5,862 

5,  m; 

I  2, 932 
3,754 

5,107 

2,891 
2,550 
2,292 
2,076 
1,940 

1,525 
1,531 
1,468 
1,405 
l,S'9i» 

1,573 
1,748 

1,5S6 


No. 

Station. 

Latitude. 

Longitude. 

Eleva- 
tion. 

132 
133 

134 

135 

136 

137 
138 
139 

140 

141 
142 

143 

144 

145 

116 
147 
148 
149 
150 
161 

152 

163 

164 
155 
166 
15-< 

158 

169 

160 

161 
162 

Forlts— trails  to  Whutoom  and  to  Fort  Hope 

Fort  Hope  trail,  upper  crossing  of  Similkameen, 
120  mi  es  above  its  mouth 

O            ' 

49    2.5.8 
23. 8 

21.2 

23.7 

25.3 
29.4 
30.4 

31.5 

34.  .y 
27.2 

27.3 

27.0 
21.6 

21.5 
31.2 
21,3 
14. 5 
13.1 
09. 5 

11.7 

05.2 

01.8 

03. 0 

I.S     ,59. 2 

55.5 

46.0 

.57.0 

49    02.4 

04.5 
13.1 
06.9 

Q               ' 

120  .51.1 
54.5 

121  00.8 

120    5.5.3 

52.4 
47.5 
47.1 

45. 2 

42. 8 
35.5 

34.4 

23.  9 
24.5 

23.9 
24.9 
05.2 
119    .59.9 
56.8 
43.8 

42. 5 
43.0 

41.1 

13.0 
34.9 
25. 0 

22. 6 

24.2 

26.0 

29.2 
32.3 
28.9 

Feet. 
5,722 

4,028 

4,436 

4,750 

5,965 
4,906 
■:,559 

2,506 

4,921 
4,085 

4,035 

2,069 
4,041 

2,580 
2,379 
1,919 
1,477 
1,455 
1,406 

2,248 

1,356 

1,652 

5, 068 

1,164 

904 

955 

957 

953 

931 
1,633 
1,430 

Fort  Hope  trail,  6  miles  west  of  Similkameen 
crossing  and  6  miles  from  moutli  of  creek  up 
wlilch  the  trail  runs 

Summit  of  ridge,  left  bank  of  Similkameen,  near 
upper  cros.>iing 

Fort  Hope  trail,  summit  between  two  crossings  of 
Similkameen 

Camp  on  Fort  Hope  trail 

On  ridge  south  of  vallfv  of  Similkameen 

Encampement  des  Femmes,  junction  of  trails  to 
Forts  Hope  <tn(l    Kamloops,  lat    miles  above 
moutli  of  Simi  Ikumeen 

Summit  of   ridge   north  of   Encampement   des 
Femmes 

Summit  of  ridge  on  trail 

Camp  on  creek  1  mile  east  of  last  summit,  IJ 
miles  above  mouth  of  creek,  which  is  90  miles 
above  mouth  of  .Similkameen 

Camp  on  Simi)  1;;..  icen  82  miles  above  its  mouth 
and  one-:half  mile  below  moutli  of  Pa-say-ten 
Creek 

Summit  of  ridge  on  south  side  of  Similkameen 

Base  of  same  ridge,  cros.sing  of  Yakl-keh-whel- 
lieh-ler  (?),  11  miles  above  its  mouth,  which  is 
72  miles  above  mouth  of  Similkameen 

Yan-set-ah-skwa  Creek,  5  miles  above  its  mouth, 
which  is  81  miles  above  mouth  of  Similkameen. 

Cump  on  Similkameen  64  miles  above  its  mouth 
and  6  miles  below  Skai-shin  Creek 

Camp  on  Similkameen  52  miles  above  its  mouth 
and  3  miles  above  mouth  of  Nai.s-nu-loh 

Similkameen  River,  49  miles  above  its  mouth  and 
just  below  mouth  of  Nais-nu-loh 

Camp  on  Similkameen  30  miles  above  it.s  mouth, 
in  brushy  bottom 

Camp  on  northeast  tributary  of  Similkameen  2 
miles  above  mouth,  the  mouth  3.S  miles  above 
mouth  of  Similkameen 

C'aiij;>   iti    f.ivt  near  river,   one-hulf  mile  above 
mouth  of  large  creek  coming  from  west,  its 
UKmth  31  miles  above  mouth  of  Similkameen 

Camp  on  side  of  mountains,  one-half  mile  north  of 
creek  coming   from    southwest,  it.s  mouth  2() 

Summit  of  ridge  bordering  Similkameen  Uiver  on 
west  side 

Camp   Similkameen,  12   miles  above  mouth  of 
Similkameen 

Camp  on  Similkameen  li  miles  above  mouth  of 
Similkameen 

Camp  on  Okinakaiie  11  miles  below  forks,  61  miles 
above  mouth  of  Okinakane;   567  miles  above 

Lake  Osoyoos,  foot  of  (4  feet  above  w.iter),  76 
miles  above  mouth  of  Okinakane 

Lake  Osoyoos,  camp  on  cast  Hide,  82  miles  above 
mouth  of  okinakane 

Lake  Osoyoos,  north  end  of  (inlet),  86  miles  above 
mouth  of  Okinakane 

do   

Bull.  174- 


50  NORTHWESTERN    BOUNDARY   OF   UNITED   STATES,      [bull.  174, 

Elevations  'long  the  forty-ninth  parallel,  etc. — Continued. 


No. 

Station. 

Latitude. 

Longitude. 

Eleva- 
tion. 

163 
164 
165 

166 
107 

168 

169 

170 

171 
172 

173 

174 
175 

176 

177 

178 

179 
180 

181 
182 
183 
184 
185 
186 

187 
188 

189 
190 
191 

192 
193 
194 
196 
196 
197 
198 

Summit  of  ridge,  3  miles  costot  Olcin-A-kane  River. 

Summit  of  trail,  Similkameeu  to  Okinakanc 

Lake  Haipwil  (2J  miles  long  by  three-fourthb  mile 
wide) 

0             1 

49    07.3 
11.4 

1.0 

55.6 

47.0 

48.9 

40. « 

48.6 
45.1 

47.5 

46.2 
45.9 

47.8 

47.9 

50.9 

53.0 
49    02.3 

02.1 
01.9 
02.0 
02.3 
02.5 
03.0 

03.2 
03.5 

09.6 

48  59.7 

49  08.7 

07.5 
08.7 
08.6 
07.5 
07.5 
07.8 
08.2 
08.3 

o           / 

119    27.8 
39.0 

37.0 
36.8 

37.9 

38.0 

39.1 

36.4 
23.6 

48.7 

62.0 
52.6 

5'. 5 

■9.7 

29.0 

27.6 
1?J    57.4 

57.1 
56.5 
65.3 
53.7 
64.6 
60.0 

48.6 
42.9 

33.6 
32.2 
32.0 

29.5 
31.3 
30.8 
28.3 
25.5 
23.5 
22.2 
21,6 

Feet. 

3,027 

4,251 

1, 120 
4,565 

1,370 

1,360 

1,643 

1,701 
2,487 

4,699 

6,851 
6,220 

3,296 

4,627 

1,819 

1 

1,766    1 
5,900 

5,281 

5,591 

5,570    i 

5,819 

6,221 

6,233 

3,860 
3,431 

3,194 
3,676 
4,880 

6,456 
4,777 
5,157 
4,701 
6,433 
6,466 
6,494 
6,170 

Summit  of  mountain,  north  of  lake 

Camp  on  Haipwil  Creek  3  miles  above  forks  and 
12  miles  above  its  mouth 

Camp  on  Haipwil  Croek  one-half  mile  above  forks 
and  9  miles  above  its  mouth 

On  Haipwil  where  it  enters  coulcd,  20  miles  above 
its  mouth 

Divide  between  Haipwil  and  Okinakane,  near  two 
lakes 

Summit  of  hill,  Okiuakane  Valley 

Camp  on  Haipwil  (West  Fork)  8  miles  above  forks 
and  17  miles  above  mouth  of  Haipwil 

Summit  of  trail  between  a  tributary  of  Che-wach 
(branch  of  Haipwil)  and  [Lake?]  Methow,  20 
miles  from  mouth  oi  Haipwil  and  5  miles  from 
mouth  of  Che-wach 

West  foot  of  ascent  to  summit 

On  Che-wach  at  forks,  67  miles  above  mouth  of 
Methow  and  559  miles  above  mouth  of  Columbia. 

Near  mouth  of  tributary  of  west  fork  of  Haipwil, 
9  miles  from  forks  of  Haipwil 

Lr^rge  lake  southwest  of  mouth  of  Similkameeu, 
south  end,  8  miles  from  Okinakane  River 

Smaller  lake  southwest  of  mouth  of  Similkameeu, 
cast  side,  2  miles  from  Okinakane  River 

Summit  of  trail,  Skagit  to  Pasavten 

Saddle  Divide,  waters  Skagit  and  Tasayten,  10 
miles  from  moutli  of  Ne-po-pe-eh-kum  Creek, 
which  is  100  miles  above  mout  i  of  Skagit  and  21 
miles  from  mouth  of  N'-shitl-shutl  River 

Summit  Cache 

First  depression  east  of  Summit  Cache 

Third  high  point  east  of  Summit  Cache 

Summit  to  north  of  trail  a 

Summit  near  end  of  ridge 

First  water  bolow  ridge  on  trail,  15  miles  above 
mouth  of  N'-shitl-shutl,  which  is  at  I'osayten 
Cache  

Camj)  on  N'-shitl-shutl  101  miles  above  its  mouth, 
at  moutli  of  Cliu-chu-wun-ten 

Ptwayten  Cache,  atmouth  of  N'-shitl-.shutl,  24  miles 
above   mouth  of  Pasayten,  which  is  82  miles 
above  mouth  of  Similkameeu 

(;amp  Pasayten,  36  miles  from  mouth  of  Pasayten. 

First  knoll  on  mountain  east  of  Pa.sayten  Cache... 

Top  of  rocky  slide  near  which  trail  passes  on  same 
mountain 

Camp  on  west  slope  of  mountain 

Elevation  east  of  hill 

Camp 

Western  principal  summit 

Eastern  principal  summit 

Camp  cast  and  above  tributary  of  Nais-nu-loh 

Elevation  li  miles  east  of  above 

oTo  the  north  of  this  trail,  in  latitude  49°  03.7',  longitude  120°  53.6',  is  another  divide,  between  Ne-iH> 
pc-eh-kum  and  N'-shitl'Shutl,  which  is  about  4,600  feet  high.  It  ia  11  miles  from  mouth  of  N'-shitl' 
Bhutl, 


[BULL.  171  I    BAKER.l 


ELEVATIONS. 


51 


Elevations  along  llw  forty-ninth  parallel,  etc. — Continued. 


Eleva- 
tion, 


Feet. 

3,027 

4,251 

1,120 
4,566 

l,3"ti 

1,360 

l,frl3 

1,701 
2,487 

4,599 

6,851 
6,220 

3,296 

4,627 

1,819    I 

1,766    ' 
5,900    ; 


5,281 
5,594 
5,570 
5,819 
6,221 
6,233 

3,860 
3,431 

3,194 
3,676 
4,880 

6,456 
4,777 
5,157 
4,701 
6,433 
6,465 
6,494 
6,170 


No. 


Station. 


Between  Ni'-im>I 
lUth  of  N'-shltl-l 


199 
200 

201 

202 

203 

204 

206 

206 

207 
208 

209 

210 

211 

212 

213 

214 

215 
216 

217 

218 

219 
220 
221 

222 

223 

224 

225 
226 

227 

228 
229 
230 

231 


Camp  on  Nais-nu-loli,  18  miles  above  Its  mouth 

Camp  Naia-nu-loh  Cache,  81  miles  above  mouth  of 
Nais-nu-loh 


Saddle  between  two  principal  summits,  26  miles 
above  mouth  of  Nais-nu-loh 


Camp  on  Nais-nu-loh,  7  miles  above  its  mouth, 
bend,  mouth  of  creek 


nt 


Camp  on  Nais-nu-loh,  5i  miles  above  its  mouth,  at 
trail  cros.sing 

On  Nais-nu-loh,  J  mile  above  its  mouth,  where 
trail  leaves  it 


Camp  on  southeastern  tributary  of  Lake  Osoyoos, 
6  miles  from  its  mouth,  last  trail  crossing 


Summit  of  trail,  Lake  Osoyoos  to  Ne-hoi-al-pit-kwu 
River 


Highest  terrace  cast  of  summit 

Fourth  terrace  east  of  summit,  just  before  descend- 
ing to  valley  of  Rock  Creek 


First  crossing  of  Rock  Creek,  6  miles  above  its 
mouth 


Fourth  terrace,  just  after  ascending  from  valley  of 
Rock  Creek 


Upper  terrace  above  town  [?  Twai-yecp]  on  Rock 
Creek,  just  before  descending  to  Ne-hoi-al-pit- 
kwu  River 


Upper  camp  on  Ne-hoi-al-pit-kwu,  80  miles  above 
Its  mouth,  at  mouth  of  Rock  Creek 


Camp  Ne-hoi-al-pit-kwu,  Cfi  miles  above  its  mouth 
(20  feet  above  water) 


On  Ne-hoi-al-pit-kwu  River,  44  miles   above  its 
mouth 


Camp  Statapoostin,  30  miles  above  its  mouth 

En-chAhm  Lake,  outlet  of,  li  miles  from  Ne-hoi-al- 
pit-kwu  River,  at  a  point  32  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Camp   on   Ne-hoi-al-pit-kwu,  29  miles   from  its 
mouth 

Camp  on 
mouth.. 


Nc-hoi-al-pit-kwu,  16  miles  from  its 


Camp  on  Nc-hoi-al-pit-kwu,  9  miles  from  its  mouth. 

Camp  on  Ne-hoi-al-pit-kwu,  1  mile  from  its  mouth. 

Camp  on  Nc-hoi-al-plt-kwu,  at  mouth,  746  miles 
from  mouth  of  Columbia '. 


Columbia  River  crossing,  1  mile  below  Kettle  Falls 
(20  or  25  feet  high),  782 o  miles  above  Its  mouth.. 

Columbia  River  camp  (26  feet  above  river), 766 
miles  above  its  mouth 


Camp  Columbia  (63  feet  above  water  now  nearly 
at  lowest  BtJige),  783  miles  above  Its  mouth 

Camp  Columbia  (another  measure) 


Camp  on  summit  on  trail  westward  from  Camp 
Columbia 


Camp  on  tributary  of  Y6me-t8in,  4  miles  from 
Y6me-t8in'8  mouth,  which  is  775  miles  from 
mouth  of  Columbia 


High  point  on  trail 

Camp 

Summit  on  triiil,  divide  between  Yome-tsln  and 
Ne-hoi-al-plt-l-wu •..    , 

Camp  on  tributary  of  Ne-hoi-al-pit-kwu,  5  .  >  les 
above  its  mouih,  which  is  28  miles  above  mouth 
ol  Ne-hol-al-pit^kwu 


Latitude. 


49 


48 
49 


48 
49 


48 


08.8 

07.2 

07.5 

07.8 

09.1 

13.1 

59.5 

00.6 
01.1 

02.6 

02.7 

02.8 

03.2 

03.2 

59.1 

00.4 
00.2 

02.1 

59.4 

50.5 
46.3 
40.9 

40.0 

36.8 

51.6 

59.8 

58.6 

68.1 
58.9 
58.0 

67.7 
57.2 


T  ^.„^i;,A^     Eleva- 
Longitude.      jj^^ 


120  15.1 
17.3 
24.2 
00.6 
00.2 

119    67.4     j 
16.4    j 

11.8    I 

09.3  ■ 

06.4  , 
0.5.2  I 
04.9 

118    69.0 

58.7 

44.5 

23.4 
16.3 

12.7 

12.6 

10.4 

06.8 
06.5 

0<;.2 

07.6 

117  63.9 

37.7 

46.4 

48.1 
49,6 
58.7 

118  02.9 
07.0 


Fed. 
3,568 

3,678 

6,005 

2,625 

2, 171 

1,616 

3,092 

4,068 
3,476 

3,032 

2,762 

3,101 

2,366 

2, 163 

1,820 

1,663 
1,636 

1,531 

1,468 

1,466 
1,226 
1,271 

1,262 

1,202 

1,341 


{;: 


317 
514 


3,410 

2,166 
4,660 
2,684 

4,739 
3,363 


a  Apparently  an  error  for  742. 


^'^Z'^^i'i 


52 


NORTHWESTERN   BOUNDARY    OF   UNITED   STATES,      [bull.  174  ■  pakeb.] 


Elevations  along  the  forty-ninth  parallel,  etc. — Continued. 


No. 

232 
233 

234 

235 

236 


238 
239 
240 
241 
242 

243 

244 
246 
246 
247 
248 

249 
250 
251 
252 
253 
254 
255 
256 
257 

258 
259 
260 

261 
262 
263 


Station. 


High  point  on  trail  east  of  divide 

Crossing  Creelc,  3  miles  east  of  eamp — first  plateau, 
2  miles  alx)ve  mouth  of  creek,  which  is  59  miles 
above  mouth  of  Okinakane 


Crossing  Creek,  5  mil("<  east  of  camp — .second  pla- 
teau, 6  miles  above  mouth  of  K  wanaloose  Creek, 
which  is  57  miles  above  mouth  of  Okinakiuie 
River.-. 


Divide  between  Kwahnloose  Creek  and  large  east- 
ern tributary  [Lower  Bonaparte  of  Arrowsmith's 
map]  of  Okinakane  River 

Camp  on  first  largo  brunch  of  Lower  Bonaparte 
River,  3  miles  above  month  of  branch  and  12 
miles  above  mouth  of  river 


Divide  between  2  branches  of  Lower  Bonaparte 
River  and  a  southern  tributary  of  the  Ne-hoi-al- 
pit-kwu  River;  11  miles  above  mouth  of  first 
branch,  which  is  12  miles  ab(,ve  mouth  of  second 
branch,  which  is  33  miles  above  mouth  of  Lower 
Bonaparte  River  and  22  miles  from  mouth  of 
southern  tributary  of  Ne-hoi-al-pit-kwu  River, 
which  is  63  miles  above  mouth  of  that  river 


Camp  on   second   branch  of   Lower   Bonaparte 
River,  9  miles  above  its  mouth 


Camp  on   second    braju-h  of   Lower   Bonaparte 


Summit  of  ridge  north  of  No.  2,3.S=average  height 
of  mountains  in  vicinity 


Crossing  of  Lower  Bonaparte,  38  miles  above  its 
mouth 


Divide  l)etween  Okinakane  and  Columbia,  45 
miles  from  mouth  of  Lower  Bonaparte  and  19 
miles  from  the  Columbia,  at  a  point  7.39  miles 
from  its  mouth 


on   divide   between 


High  point  north  of  trail 
Okinakane  and  Columbia 

Camp  No.  3,  on  Columbia  River  a 

Camp  No.  2,  on  Columbia  River 

Summit  of  ridge  bordering  Colville  Valley  to  north. 

Camp  No.  1,  on  Pepta.shin  Creek  near  mouth 

Summit  of   ridge=averagc  height  of   ridges  in 
vicinity 

Camp  No.  15,  Pept^ishin  Creek  near  town 

Colville  depot,  at  observatory , 

Camp  No.  1,  Mill  Creek  near  Colville  depf)t 

Iiake  5  miles  southeast  of  Colville  depot , 

Summit  of  mountiiin  west  of  Colville  depot 

Summit  of  mountain  6  miles  east  of  Colville  depot 

Camp  No.  2  on  Mill  Creek  near  Stugar's  farm , 

Mountain  east  of  Camp  No.  2 


Latitude. 


48    57.8 


43.7 


42. 1 


40.6 


39.6 


48 


41.3 


40. 


38.7 


41.0 


■M.7 


37. 9 

39. 2 
37.0 


Longitude. 


118    02.0 


119    19.2 


15.2 


13.7 


08.2 


118    58.3 


54.7 


118 


47.8 


56.6 


39.9 


32.3 

33.1 
06.9 


Mountain  south,  on  same  ridge,  and  north  of  Fran- 
cois' house 


Camp  No.  3,  near  Francois'  farm 

Mountain  southwest  of  Francois',  near  trail 

On  branch  of  Mill  Creek,  at  cro8.si"-g  of  trail,  5 
miles  south  of  Francois',  An-i-aht-wa  or  Oit-chin 
Prairie 


Crossing  of  first  stream  south  of  Hughes  ranch  on 
wagon  road 


On  wagon  road  between  Colville  and  Spokane  at 
small  ponds 


On  head  of  small  lake,  cast  end,  near  wagon  road 


a  Second  cahier  begins  here. 


Kleva- 
tion. 


Fed. 
4,707 

1,383 

2,158 
3,350 
2,563 


4,312 
3,531 
2,459 
5,220 
2,746 

5,662 

7,035 
1,207 
1,622 
3,017 
1,636 

3,718 
1,9,57 
1,96:5 
1,65;} 
2, 153 
3,3:J0 
5,697 
1,629 
4,880 

4,096 
1,717 
3,186 

1,765 

1,734 

2,119 
1,970 


No. 

264 

Hig 

265 

Che 

r( 

266 

Sui 

S 

[BULL.  174. 


PAKER.] 


ELEVATIONS. 


53 


Elevations  along  the  forty-ninth  parallel,  etc. — Continued. 


Kleva- 
tiori. 


Feci. 
•1,707 

1,383 

2,158 

3,;«o 


No. 


264 
265 

266 

267 
268 
269 

270 

271 

272 

273 
274 

275 
276 
277 
278 

279 
280 
281 
282 
283 
284 

285 
286 
287 

288 
289  { 

290 

291  ; 

292  ! 
'i93 
294 
295 
296 
297 
298 
299 

300 
301 
302 

303 

304 
305 


Station. 


Highest  point  on  Colville  wagon  road 

Chemakane  bridge,  junction  of  trail  and  wagon 
road 


Summit  of  trail  between  Mill  Creek  and  Little 
Spokane 

Walker's  Prairie,  on  small  branch  of  Chemakane. . 

Mouth  of  Chemakane— approximate 

Summit  of  trail,  short  cut  between  Chemakane 
and  Spokane 

Trail  at  northernmost  bend  of  Spokane  River,  13 
miles  below  mouth  of  Little  Spokane  a 

On  plateau  above  Spokane  River,  7  miles  below 
mouth  of  Little  Spokane 

On  edge  of  Spokane  River,  7  miles  below  mouth  of 
Little  Spokane 

Little  Spokane,  mouth  of,  at  water's  edge 

Summit  of   hill,  northeast  of    mouth  of   Little 
Spokane 

On  little  Spokane,  near  crossing  of  trail 

On  plateau  south  of  crossing 

On  plateau  of  Spokane  River 

Hill  in  bend  of  Little  Spokane,  alKiut  5  miles  from 
mouth  . . .  .■ 


On  edge  of  plateau  .south  of  trail 

On  Spokane  River,  water's  edge,  near  Plant's 

On  plateati  north  of  Plant's 

Plant's  house , 

Trail  to  Sinyakwateen,  11  miles  from  Plont's , 

Trail  on  Spokane,  3i  miles  below  lake  [Coeur  d' 
Alene] 


Cceur  d' Alene  Lake 

Hill  near  lake,  south  of  trail 

On  small  lake  north  of  Coeur  d'Alene  Lake. 
On  summit  of  spur  bordering  lake 


Average  height  of  rolling  country  north  and  north- 
east of  lake 


Plateau  north  and  east  of  trail  to  Mission , 

Creek  3*  miles  cast  of  arm  of  lake  [Coeur  d'Alene] 

Pliiieau  north  of  creek  crossing '. 

Shore  of  large  lake  south  of  Checolsum  Mountain  . 

Point  on  mountain  spur  between  lakes 

Trail  to  Sinyakwateen,  19  miles  from  Plant's 

I.,ittle  knoll  5  miles  beyond  ond  west  of  road 

Tcsemmeus  lakes,  [?  Tesimini] 

On  edge  of  |)lateau  3  miles  east  of  road , 


Top  of  plateau  on  road  4  miles  south  of  Pekowla 
Lake 


Bottom  of  plateau 

On  Pekowla  Lake 

Sinyakwateen  depot,  right  bank  of  Clark  Fork 
of  the  Columbia  River 


Veimilion  Creek,  mouth  of  fall  of  Clark  Fork  from 
(Pend  Oreille]  lake  to  falls  about  0.44  foot  per 
mile;  falls  about  5  feet .'. 

Checolsum  Mountain 


Crossing  of  trail  near  forks  of  creek  north  of  Che- 
colsum Mountain 


Latitude. 


Longitude. 


Eleva- 
tion. 


I 


Feet. 
4,033 

1,922 

2,7a5 
1,897 
1,366 

2,809 

1,500 

1,563 
1,035 

3,140 
1,609 
1,760 
1,878 

2,355 

2,266 

1,901 

2,375 

2,08 

2,228 

2,135 
2, 151 
2,499 
2,205 
2,862 

3,170 
2,767 
2, 121 
2,681 
2,262 
3,577 
2,200 
2,835 
2, 322 
2,540 

2,539 
2,333 
2,200 

2,084 

2,074 
5,706 

2,455 


(( Frum  the  northernmost  bend  to  mouth  of  8i>okane  the  average  fall  is  about  9  feet  per  mile. 


54 


NORTHWESTERN   BOUNDARY   OP  UNITED  STATES.      [BuixiTt 


BAKER.] 


Elevaiion8  along  the  forty-ninth  parallel,  etc. — Continued. 


No. 


station. 


Latitude. 


Longitude. 


Eleva- 
tion. 


306 

307 
308 
300 
310 
311 
312 
313 
314 
315 
316 
317 
318 
319 
320 
321 
322 
323 
324 
325 
326 
327 
328 
329 
330 
331 
832 
333 
334 

335 
336 
337 
338 
339 
340 
341 
342 
343 
344 
3-15 
346 
347 
348 
349 

360 

351 

362 


Crossing  of  tributary  of  Little  Spolcane.  Little 
Spokane  has  an  average  fall  of  about  16  feet 
per  mile 

Lake  on  Little  Spokane 

Trail  north  of  lake 

On  plateau  above  Little  Spokane 

On  high  plateau  on  trail 

Lake  at  head  of  Little  Spokane 

Trail  between  Spokane  and  Clark  Fork  Divide 

Clark  Fork  at  outlet  of  Pend  Oreille  Bay 

Clark  Pork  8  miles  below  falls 

Clark  Fork  4  miles  above  Mission 

Clark  Fork  at  mouth  of  Skomln  Creek 

St.  Ignatius  Mission 

Skomin  Creek,  6  miles  above  mouth 

Skomin  Creek,  9  miles  above  mouth 

Skomin  Creek,  11  miles  above  mouth 

Divide  between  Skomin  and  Chelonscan  creeks... 

Mountain  1^  miles  south  of  divide 

2  miles  below  divide  on  eastern  slope 

Trail  from  Mission  to  Kaniksu  Lake,  7  miles 

Crossing  of  creek,  12  miles  from  Mission 

Trail  above  and  beyond  crossing  of  creek 

Teh-kwat  Mountain,  north  of  trail 

Water  on  Teh-kwat  Mountain, south  of  trail 

Crossing  of  first  creek  east  of  divide 

Creek  5  miles  west  of  lake 

Kaniksu  Lake 

Upper  Kaniksu  Lake 

On  creek,  2  miles  above  Upper  Lake 

Long  bridge  on  trail  from  Sinyakwateen  to  Che- 
lemta,  6  miles 

Clark  Fork,  14  miles  above  Sinyakwateen 

Kalispclm  Lake 

Pack  River  crossing ; 

Divide  between  Pack  and  Kootenay  rivers 

Small  lake  west  of  trail  and  north  of  divide 

Trail  in  forks  of  creek 

Chelemta  depot 

Kootenay  River,  18  miles  below  Chelemta 

Crossing  of  Acklew  Creek 

Acklew  Cache 

Camp  Kootenay  West  (about  50  feet  above  water) . 

Mountain  N.  42°  E.  from  Camp  Kootenay  West 

Trail  from  Chelemta  to  Acklew,  8  miles,  first  water. 

Trail  from  Chelemta  to  Acklew— lOi  miles 

Trail  from  Chelemta  to  Acklew— 14  miles — cross- 
ing of  stream -. 


Trail  from  Chelemta  to  Acklew— 17  miles— grassy 
mound  


Trail  from  Acklew  to  Mooyle — 1  mile— divide  on 
trail 


Trail  from  Acklew  to  Mooyie — 3  miles — divide. 


Feet. 
1,880 
1,947 
2,093 
?2,441 
2,358 
2,237 
2,335 
1,942 
2,024 
1,937 
1,926 
l,d94 
2,769 
2,901 
3,736 
4,199 
5,218 
3,438 
3,041 
3,536 
3,640 
5,770 
5,443 
2,740 
2,606 
02,443 
o2,435 
2,409 

2,086 
2,069 
2,096 
2,101 
2,138 
2,090 
2,064 
1,796 
1,802 
2,248 
2,304 
1,823 
5,573 
2,695 
2,694 

2,567 

2,548 

8,260 
2,985 


a  The  contradiction  here  by  which  the  upper  lake  level  Is  less  than  the  lower  one  Is  ■ 
original  MS,,  ')ut  not  corrected. 


in  tlK' 


[Bni,L.l7i  ■"'^''"•l 


'.  In  tlH' 


ELEVATIONS. 

Elevations  along  the  forty-ninth  parallel,  file. — Continue<l. 


55 


^■Eleva- 

1     1 

No. 

■  "''"• 

1 



Mfiet. 

1 

353 

H  1,880 

1 

H  1,047           364 

■  2,093           355 

H?  2. 441 

I  2,358 

366 

1  2,237 

357 

■  2,335 

I  1,942 

368 

I  2,024 

859 

I  1,937     1 

360 

1  1,92G      1 

361 

I  1,1^94 

1 

862 

1  2,7C9 

1 

863 

1  2,901 

1 

864 

3,736      I 

365 

4,199      1 

866 

5,218      1 

3,438      1 

367 

3,041      1 

868 

3,536      1 

369 

3,640      1 

370 

5,770      1 

371 

6,443      1 

372 

2,740      1 

373 

2,606 

a  2, 443 

374 

rt2,435 

2,409 

375 

376 

2,086 

2,069 

377 

2,095 

378 

2,101 

379 

2,138 

380 

2,090 

381 

2,064 

1,796      1      1 

382 

1,802 

1 

383 

2,248 

1 

884 

2,304 

1 

1,823      1 

885 

6,573      1 

386 

2,695      1 

387 

•>  R<U 

1 

388 

389 

390 

391 
892 


Station. 


Trail  from  Acltlew  to  Mooyie— 34  miles— head  of 
Ai-ka-lclu-ne  a  Creeli 


Trail  from  Acltlew  to  Mooyie— 8  miles— prairie 

Trail  from  Aclclew  to  Mooyie— 18  miles— creels 
crossing 


Trail  from  Aclilew  to  Mooyie— terrace  south  of 
crossing 


Trail  from  Acklew  to  Mooyie — lower  crossing  of 
Ar-ka-klu-ne 


Trail  from  Acklew  to  Mooyie — terrace  above 

Trail  from  Acklew  to  Mooyie — crossing  of  Mooyie 

Camp  Mooyie 

Mooyie  Cache 

Mountain  ridge  east  of  Camp  Mooyie 

Summit  of  ridge 

Same  ridge  8  miles  south 

Crossing  of  Mooyie  8  miles  below  Camp  Mooyie. . . 

Second  crossing  of  Mooyie,  from  cache  (14  feet 
above  water) 

Fourth  crossing  of  Mooyie,  from  cache 

Sixth  crossing  of  Mooyie,  from  cache 

7  miles  from  sixth  and  2  imilcsfromscventh  crossing 

Seventh  crossing  at  foot  of  lake  (3  feet  above  water) 

Terrace  east  of  seventh  crossing— on  trail 

First  stream— 2i  miles  beyond  seventh  crossing  of 
Mooyie 


Second  stream— 94  miles  beyond  seventh  crossing 
of  Mooyie 


Third  stream— lot  miles  beyond  seventh  crossing 
of  Mooyie 

11  miles  from  seventh  crossing,  north  of  lakes 

Headwaters  of  Mooyie,  134  miles  from  seventn 
crossing 

Terrace  near  headwaters  of  Mooyie 

South  and  near  divide  between  Mooyie  and  Koo- 
tenay 

Divide  between  Mooyie  and  Kootenay 

Joseph's  Prairie 


Latitude. 


Crossing  of  stream  [Akis-ka-klail]  south  of  Joseph's 
Prairie : 


Kootenay  River  northeast  of  Joseph's  Prairie 

Crossing  of  first  creek  going  down  the  Kootenay  b.. 

Crossing  of  second  creek  going  down  the  Koote- 
nay—10  miles  beyond 

Crossing  of  third  creek  going  down  the  Kootenay. 

Crossing  of  fourth  creek  going  down  the  Kootenay. 

Creek  9  miles  beyond 

Prairie  on  Kootenay— 26  miles  above  Camp  Koote- 
nay East 

Prairie  on  Kootenay— 10  miles  above  Camp  Koote- 
nay East 


Kootenay  River— 6  miles  above  Camp  Kootenay 
East 


On  creek— 64  miles  north  of  Camp  Kootenay  East. 
Camp  Kootenay  East  (30  feet  above  water) 


Longitude 


Eleva- 
tion. 


Fed. 

2,882 
2,638 

2,798 

2,811 

2,078 
2,766 
2,082 
2,689 
2, 742 
6,639 
6,698 
4,466 
2,142 

2,718 
2,860 
2,984 
2,940 
3,029 
3,291 

3,007 

3,766 

3,514 
3,136 

3,296 
3,883 

3,544 
3,642 
2,969 

3,041 
2,461 
2,682 

2,679 
2,619 
2,741 
2,420 

2,400 

2,364 

2,361 
2,401 
2,348 


a  Also  written  Acaclunah. 

6  The  fall  of  Kootenay  River  for  about  30  miles  south  from  latitude  49°  36'  N,  is  2  feet  per  mile, 
c  At  bend  of  Kootenay  River  above  mouth  of  Elk  River  computed  height  is  2,381  feet.    The  fall  of 
the  Kootenay  for  about  20  milee  from  above  mouth  of  Elk  River  south  is  44  feet  per  mile. 


V  I 


hi 


it 


56  NORTHWESTERN    BOUNDARY    OF   UNITED   STATES,      (bull,  174. 

Elevations  along  (he  forty-ninth  parallel,  etc. — Continued. 


bakkb.J 


No. 


393 
394 
395 

39C 
397 
398 
399 
400 

401 
402 
403 

404 
405 
406 
407 
408 
409 
410 
411 
412 

413 
414 
415 

416 
417 
418 
419 
420 

421 

422 

423 

424 
426 
426 
427 

428 
429 
430 
431 
432 
433 
434 
435 
436 
437 


Station. 


Camp  Kootenay  East— at  water 

South  of  Camp  Kootenay  East  (3  feet  above  water) . 

Kootenay  River  2i  miles  below  camp  (3  feet  above 
water) 

Kootenay  Cnche 

First  bench  above  river 

Second  bench  above  river 

First  creek  south  of  Kootenay  Cache 


Trail  on  Tobacco  Plains,  highest  point  south  of 
cache 


Creek  9  miles  from  cache i 

Entrance  of  Akonoho  Pass 

11  miles  from  entrance  and  3  miles  from  summit  of 


2t  miles  west  of  summit 

One-half  mile  west  of  summit ; 

Divide  between  Kootenay  and  Flathead  rivers 

On  divide,  one-half  mile  north  of  pass 

On  spur  of  divide,  2  miles  north  of  pass 

Divide  between  Wigwam  and  Akonoho 

Wigwam  Station 

Small  prairie  one-half  mile  east  of  summit  of  pass. 

Four  milc!^  east  of  summit  of  pass  (65  feet  above 
water) , 

Crossing  of  stream,  7i  miles  cast  of  summit 

Prairie,  12  miles  east  of  summit 

Large  creek  down  which  trail  follows  ( water  of 
Yakinlkak  creek  opposite  Prairie) 

Flathead  valley,  upper  terrace , 

Peak  west  of  Flathead 

Crossing  of  Flathead 

li  miles  beyond  crossing,  in  Prairie , 


Latitude. 


Longitude. 


Camp  Kishenehn,  4  miles  to  mouth  of  Kishenehn- 
fall  53  feet  per  mile 


Three  miles  above  Camp  Kishenehn  (3  feet  above 
water)— fall  63  feet  per  mile 


Prairie,  8  miles  above  Kishenehn— fall  58  feet  per 
mile 


Angle  of  valley,  12  miles  above— fall  30  feet  per 
mile 


Angle  of  valley,  24  miles  above  this  angle 

Open  p  lace  in  burnt  timber 

Mule  camp 

Summit  of  pa.ss,  9  miles  from  angle,  21  miles  from 
Camp  Kishenehn  and  25  from  mouth  of  creek  ... 

Near  outlet  of  lake  east  of  summit 

li  miles  cast  of  summit,  on  creek 

Camp  Akamina 

On  divide  north  of  summit  monument ; 

Bluff  SE.  of  Camp  Akamina ". 

Summit  monument 

Mountain  in  divide  1 J  miles  N.  of  pass 

Mountain  in  divide  1  mile  NE.  of  lost 

Mountain  in  divide  one-half  mile  N.  of  last 

Mountain  in  divide  2i  miles  NE.  of  last 


Eleva- 
tion. 

Feet. 
2,318 
2,313 

2,300 
2,310 
2,368 
2,566 
2,355 

2, 765 
2,691 
3,015 

4,195 
4,460 
5,138 
5,218 
6,953 
6, 278 
6,332 
4,694 
6,065 

4,731 
4,522 
4,164 

4,112 
4,267 
7,373 
3,827 
3,763 

4,134 

4,252 

4,541 

4,705 
4,808 
5, 133 
5, 191 

5,846 
5,407 
5,378 
6,447 
7,986 
6,648 
o7,490 
8,087 
8,207 
8,313 
8,333 


1  No. 


447  I 

448  S 

449  1 

450  I 

451  1 

462  ] 

453 

464 

455 

466 

457 


a  Another  value  given  in  the  table,  and  without  comment,  is  6,548.  Can  this  be  an  error  for  7,548? 


l^vLuni 


BAKEB.J 


ELEVATIONS. 


57 


Elevations  along  the  forty-ninth  parallel,  etc. — Continued. 


pieva- 
lion. 


tl'eet. 
12,318 
12,313 

|2,300 
12,316 
12,368 
12,566 
|2, 355 

|2,  755 
J2, 691 

13,015 


No. 


438 
439 
440 
441 
442 
443 
444 
445 
446 

447 
448 
449 
460 
451 
462 
453 

454 

455 

466 

457 

458 
459 

460 

461 

462 

463 
464 
465 

466 
467 
468 
469 
470 
471 
472 
473 
474 
475 
476 
477 
478 


Btatlon. 


Bummit  of  Boundary  Pass 

Mountain,  1}  miles  north  of  pass 

Kistienehn  Mountain 

Mountain  up  pass  and  to  the  north 

Kishnenehna  Mountain,  north  and  west  peak  . 

Kishnenehna  Mountain,  center  peak 

Kishnenehna  Mountain, south  and  cast  peak  . , 
Divide  2  miles  east  of  Camp  Kishenehn 


In  valley  of  creek  west  of  camp  and  north  of 
boundary , 


Boundary  Mountain,  highest  peak 

Southwest  point  of  ridge  of  Boundary  Mountain. 

Kootenay  River,  3  miles  below  parallel 

Kootenay  River,  17  miles  below  parallel 

Kootenay  River,  33 J  miles  below  parallel 

Kootenay  River,  39  miles  below  parallel 


Kootenay  River,  50  miles  below  parallel  at  cross- 
ing of  trai  1 


Kootenay  River,  13  miles  below  crossing  (8  feet 
above  water) 

Kootenay  River,  25  miles  below  crossing;  below 
falls,  at  high-water  mark 


Kootenay  River,  39  miles  below  crossing;  moutli  of 
thcYahk 


Kootenay  River,  44  miles  below  crossing;  terrace 
above  river , 


Forage  cacheon  trail  13  miles  from  Yahk , 

Camp  on  terrace  on  trail  3  miles  east  of  Mooyie 
Crossing 

Kootenay  River,  56  miles  below  crossing;  mouth 
of  Mooyie 

Kootenay  River,  61  miles  below  crossing;  Chelemta 
depot  (9i  feet  above  high  water) , 

Summit  of  mountain  range  between  waters  of 
Wigwam  River  and  Skits-ooh-nau-na  Creek 

Camp  in  forks  of  tributary  of  Tobacco  River 

Camp  on  west  side  of  Kootenay  Valley 


Latitude. 


Longitude, 


Camp  on  waters  of  Kootenay,  near  divide  with 
Yahk 


Summit  of  divide  between  Yahkand  Kootenay. 

Camp  west  of  divide 

do 

Camp  on  mountain,  tributary  of  Yahk 

Camp  on  east  fork  of  Yahk 

Campir  *orksof  Yahk 

Camp  at  east  bend  of  Yahk 

Camp  on  Yahk 

Camp  at  west  bend  of  Yahk 

Camp  on  Yahk 

do 

Camp  below  falls 

Camp  at  mouth  of  Yahk 


Eleva- 
tion. 


6,965 
7,861 
a  8, 487 
a  7, 409 
a  7, 937 
a  8, 170 
a  9, 137 
5,  Ml 

5,119 
8,674 
7,260 
2,303 
2,260 
2,204 
2,184 

2,148 

2,057 

1,967 

1,934 

2,298 
2,161 

2,260 

1,792 

1,796 

7,852 
3,256 
2,942 

4,862 
5,498 
6,520 
4,9&4 
4,794 
3,483 
3,194 
2,983 
2,959 
2,935 
2,769 
2,697 
2,414 
1,926 


{(Measured  witii  tlieodolite. 


58 


NORTHWESTERN   BOUNDARY   OP   UNITED  STATES.      (bull,17I, 


BAKEK.] 


INDIAN  NAMES. 

In  the  prosecHtion  of  the  survey  considerable  attention  was  given  to 

the  language  of  the  native  tribes  along  the  line.     George  Gibbs,  who 

accompanied  the  party,  is  referred  to  in  various  capacities  as  geologist, 

ethnologist,  guide,  interpreter,  and   naturalist.      The  first  Chinook 

dictionary  is  said  to  have  been  prepared  by  him,  and  this  was  to  form 

a  part  of  the  final  report  of  the  survey.     Later  Mr.  Gibbs  was  engaged 

by  the  Smithsonian  Institution  in  elaborating  linguistic  material  from 

the  tribes  of  the  Northwest.     This  work  was  unfinished  at  the  time  of 

his  death  in  April,  1873.     Some  of  it  has  been  published  since.     To 

secure  uniformity  in  the  spelling  of  the  names  of  various  camps  and 

stations  Mr.  (ribbs  prepared  lists  which  were  submitted  to  General 

Parke  and  made  official.     There  are  three  such  lists  among  the  papers. 

The  first  two  are  signed;  the  third  is  not  signed.     The  first  list  is  as 

follows: 

Adopted  xpeUing  of  the  names  of  camps,  etc. 


[Official:  John  G.  I'arke,  chief  jistronomer  and  survoyor.] 


Chiloweyuck. 

Chuch-che-hum. 

En-saaw-kwatch. 

Fraser. 

La-yome-sin. 

Nooksahk. 

Okinakane. 

Pehosie. 


iSemiahmoo. 

Sen-eh-say. 

Similkameen. 

Skagit. 

Suinass. 

Swehl-tcha. 

Tummeahai. 


The  three  lists  have  been  combined,  arranged,  studied  in  company 
with  the  published  maps  of  the  boundary  and  later  oflicial  maps.  The 
reidults  are  here  given  with  notes  derived  from  such  comparison  and 
study.  For  easy  reference  on  the  maps  the  approximate  longitudes 
are  given. 


Approximate 
longitude. 


A-kdm-i-na; '  east  fork  of  Kish-e-nehn  Creek 

A-kin-fs-sahtl;  Flathead  River 

A-kin-kv.o-ndh-ki;''  branch  of  Flathead  River  heading  wtlh 
Tobacco  River 

Ak-kdph-kleh;  falls  of  the  Kootenay  River,  Flathead  County, 
Montana 1 

Ak-o-n6-ho;  creek  tributary  to  Tobacco  River' 

Ak-swdk;  creek  from  south  at  bend  of  the  Kootenay* 


114 
114 


10 
30 


114    30 


115 
115 
115 


45 
05 
15 


>  Kam-i-na=' watershed. 

*  Perhaps  this  is  Yolcinlkah  Creek  of  the  Land  Office  map  of  Montana. 
»  Tobacco  River=Qrave  Creek  of  Land  Office  map  of  Montana. 

<Not  named  on  boundary  map;  apparently  Fisher  Creek  of  T^nd  Office  map  of  Montana,  and 
Masula  River  of  official  map  of  British  Columbia,  1895. 


fVU,  171, 


HAKEK.] 


INDIAN   OEOOBArHIC   NAMES. 


69 


|ven  to 
who 
[iogi.st, 
linook 
form 
hgaged 
[1  froiii 
(ime  of 
To 
3S  and 
general 
mpers. 
|t  is  as 


Ak-tlak-a;   creek  above  Kish-e-nehn,  tributary  to  Flathead 
River.     Not  named  on  boundary  map 


A-kwote-kdtl-nam;  Chief  Mountain  or  Waterton  Lake,  upper 
part  acroBH  Ijoundary 

An-i-dht-wha;  Kamass  Prairie 

Che-crh^et-hu ;  Skagit  cache 


Apprnxtmatc 
Inngltiide, 


114     25 
114 


Chelemta  (also  written  Cholemta);  cache  or  depot.  Not  shown 
on  map  oi  identified.  (See  Swoot8-k68e  and  Yah-kwoo-kdh- 
keh 


0 


Che-lou8-kar ;  Little  Pend  Oreille 

Ch6m-a-kant!;  bridge  over  Walkers  Prairie  Creek 

Chiloweyuck ;  camp,  lake,  river,  town,  etc.     Now  written  Chilli- 
whack i 


121  05 

lUl  20 

UH  40 

110  46.4 

121  30 


Not  identified 

Not  shown  on  map. 


InBrit- 


Chow-a- wee-la;  Fool's  Prairie. 

Chuk-k^se;  the  Mooyie  Lakes, 
ish  Columbia,  latitude  49°  18' 

Chuch-che-hu!ii;  camp  and  creek  tributary  to  Chiloweyuck 
Lake 


Chu-chu- wdn-ten ;    creek    tributary    to    N'shitl-shootl    River, 
which  is  tributary  to  Pa-say-ten 

pjn-chithm ; '  lakes  near  Statapoostin 

En-kwool-eh-la;  mouth  of  Clark  forkof  the  Columbia.     Name 
not  on  boundary  map 


115 

50 

121 

15 

120 

40 

118 

13 

117    37 


En-saaw-k watch  ;'^  station  and  creek  tributary  to  the  Chilowe- 
yuck   

Haip-wil ; "  lake  near  camp  Similkameen 

II6-zo-meen ;  luountiun  near  camp  Skagit 

In-chii-in-tum;*  station  and  river  tributary  to  the  Ne-hoi-al- 
pft-kwu 

Ka-cha-iltl;  Indian  village  Aklew  (or  Acklew)  ciohe 

Kai-seet-lin;  (Tossing  of  Spokane.     Not  identified. 

Kais-in;  branch  of  Kat-ldh-woke  Creek.  Not  on  map  and  not 
identified. 

Kal-is-pelm ;  Pend  Oreille  Lake  in  northern  Idaho 

Kam-i-na=a  watershed. 

Kat-ldh-woke;  creek  running  to  Flathead  [river]  through 
f Boundary]  pass;  not  named  on  boundary  map  and  not 
identified.     It  is  near  Kfsh-e-nehn  Creek 


Ka-yak-ka;  *  creek,  from  south,  tributary  to  Kootenay  below 
falls;  laige  lake  on  it 

Kin-nook-kleht-ndn-na;  •  creek  running  east  from  divide  [of 
Rocky  Mountains]  to  [Chief  Mountain  or  Waterton]  lake 


121 

30 

119 

37 

121 

118 

25 

116 

22 

116  30 

114  20 

115  50 
113  50 


■Christina  Lake  of  oilicinl  map  nf  Britisli  Columbia,  1896. 

'Written  Kn-saw-kwateh  on  boundary  map  and  on  above  map  called  Nesquatch. 

sHarpwil  of  Brititth  Columbia  map  of  181)5  and  Blue  Lake  of  Land  Office  map  of  Washington. 

*  North  fork  of  Kettle  River  of  British  Columbia  map  of  1896.  Also  Inishwointon  in  the  manuscript 
notes. 

6  Lake  Creek  of  Land  Office  map  of  Montana. 

•  Kotanie  River  of  official  map  of  British  Columbia,  1895. 


60 


N0BTHWE8TEEN    BOUNDARY   OF    UNITED   STATES,      [bum.  174 


Kfnt-la;  lake  and  mountains,  Flathead  County,  Montana 

Kfsh-e-nehn ;  camp,  creek,  and  mountain 

Kish-ne-n^h-nu;  mountains 

Kit-lat-laii-nook;    creek   heading  east  of  Mount  Wilson  ar.d 
emptying  into  lower  [Chief  Mountain  or  Waterton]  lake 

Kle-sfl-kwu;'   creek  tributary  to  upixir  Skagit,  heading  with 
Klehkwunum 

La-yome-sin;*  crwk,  tributary  t<»  the  Chilowoyuck 

Man-sel-pjtn-ik;"  creek,  tributary  to  Kle-sil-kwu  Creek,  head- 
ing with  Chuch-che-hum 

Moo-yie;*  camp,  monument,  river,  and  trail 

NAfs-nu-loh ;  Htation  and  river,  south  fork  of  SimJlkameen 

Ne-hoi-al-pft-kwu  f  camp  and  liver 

Ne-p6-pe-<''h-kum ;  creek,  tributary  to  the  upper  ""kagit 

Nook-sahk;  river,  Whatcom  County,  Washington.     Now  writ- 
ten Nooksak 

N'-shitl-shootl;*  creek,  tributary  to  Pa-say-ft'ii  River 

Okin-d-kane,  now  written  Okanogan;  county  and  river  tribu- 
tary to  the  Columbia 

O-wj-yoos;  camp,  lake,  and  station 

Pa-Hily-ten;'  river  tributary  to  Siinilkameen 

Pehosie,  or  Pekosie;  lake  and  <!reek  tributary  to  th"^  Nooksak  . . 

Pep-tdh-shin;  creek  at  [Colville?]  depot 

Sah-Ult-kwu;  the  forks  [of  ?        ].     Not  identilied.     Name  not 
on  Ijoundary  map. 

Se-haf-uks;  the  creek  [at  Archer's  camp  of  October  10].     Not 
identified. 

Se-h&f-ya-kan;  Archer's  camp  of  October  10.     Not  identifit 

Semiahmoo;  bay  and  camp  near  western  end  of  parallel  . . . 

8en-eh-say;*  station  and  creek,  tributary  to  the  Chiloweyuck  .. 

Shdh-wa-tum ;  mountain  on  upper  Skagit 

Shwo-y61-pi ;  Kettle  Falls  of  the  Columbia 

Si-mfl-ka-meen;  camp  and  river  tributary  to  the  Okanogan 

Sin-pafl-hu;"  creek  running  south  to  the  Columbia 

Skagit;  cache,  camp,  county,  and  river,  Washington 


Approxiniiitc 
longitudf. 

o 

t 

114 

15 

114 

20 

114 

15 

113 

50 

121 

15 

121 

54 

121 

1 5 

116 

15 

120 

118 

30 

121 

122 

15 

120 

40 

119 

30 

119 

25 

120 

30 

122 

05 

118 

122  ir, 

121  40 
121 

118  .10 

119  30 
?118  10 

122 


1  Klesilkwa  of  official  map  of  British  Columbia,  1895. 

8  Written  Layomesin  on  boundary  map.    Sweltzer  RLver  of  official  map  of  British  Columbia,  1895. 

«Maselpanlc,  of  official  map  of  British  Columbia,  1895. 

♦  The  river  is  now  known  as  Methow. 

6  Kettle  River,  of  official  map  of  British  Columbia,  1896. 

•  Roche  River,  of  official  map  of  British  Columbia,  1895. 
1  Pasayton,  of  official  map  of  British  Columbia,  1895. 
"Slesse,  of  official  map  of  British  Columbia,  1895. 

•Not  shown  on  boundary  map.  Land  Office  map  of  Washington  has  Sinpailhu,  or  Milk  Creek 
(long.  118°  10') ,  just  below  Kettle  Falls;  also  San  Poll  River  and  guide  msridian.  This  latter  is  Sans 
Poll  of  ofHcial  map  of  British  Columbia,  1895. 


Pl'M..  174. 


IIAKEH.] 


SCIENTIFIC   RESULTS. 


61 


5 
15 


5 


15 


pproximatu 

fongltudc. 


Skits-ooh-njln-na;  small  creek  tributary  to  the  Kootenay;  not 
Hhown  on  boundary  nmp 

SkwAi-kwi-(''ht;  mountain  at   head  of  Cliu-chu-wdn-ten  Creek. 

Htat-a-iKJOH-tin;  camp  on  the  Ne-hoi-al-pft-kwu 

Stie-k(:!hni;  Mill  Creek  [?  near  old  Fort  Colville,  longitude  117° 
40']. 

SuinafiH,  now  usually  written  Sumas;  camp,  lake,  town,  etc 

Swehi-tchd; '  lake  in  British  Columbia 

Swoots-kosc;  the  Chelemta  cache  [not  on  boundary  map].    See 
Yah-kwo-kiih-keh. 

Tcho-pdhk; ''  mountain  west  of  Camp  Similkameen 

Te-kum-wh<5hl-tin;  Archer's  camp  of  October  9;  not  identified. 

Tummeahai;'  camp  and  creek  tributary  to  the  Chiloweyuck., 

Twiif-yeep;  upper  forks  of  Ne-hoi-al-pft-kwu  * , 

Waf-haist;  mountain  on  Upper  Skagit;  not  named  on  boundary 
map 


Yah-kwoo-kdh-keh;  the  Chelemta  cache.   See  Swoot«-k6se.  Not 
identified. 

Yahk;''  station  and  river,  Flathead  County,  Montana 

Yak-fn-a-kahk; "  creek  and  pass 

Yaki-to-le-min;    mouth  of  Ta-say-ten  River;    not  named 


on 


45 


121 


boundary  map. 

Yaks-koo-nilk-he; '  first  creek  from  north  below  bend  of  Koote- 
nay  

Yak-to6k-i-na;  *  third  creek  from  north  tributary  to  Kootenay, 
below  bend 

Y6me-t8in;'  White  Sheep  Creek,  tributary  to  the  Columbia 


120 


115    30 


115 
117 


45 
50 


I 


1  tuiltus  of  ollicial  map  of  British  Columbin,  1896.    A  creeli  near  by  is  called  Swel  zer. 
s  Tcho  Parle  Mountains  of  Land  Oftice  map  of  Washington. 
3  Tamihy  of  otncial  map  of  British  Columbia,  1895. 

*  Apparently  junction  of  Rock  Creek  and 'Ne-hoi-al-plt-kwu. 
5  Yahk'li  on  boundary  map. 

*  Yak-in-i-kak  on  boundary  map  and  Yokinikah  of  Land  Oftice  map  of  Montana. 

iamy  Creek  of  Land  Oflioc  map  of  Montana. 
"  (.^uurtz  Creek  of  Land  Otlice  map  of  Montana. 

»  Sheep  Creek  of  oBlcial  map  of  British  Columbia,  1895,  an(  Yometsin  or  Sheep  Creek  of  Land  Office 
map  of  Washington. 

SCIENTIFIC  RESUIiTS. 

In  the  conduct  of  the  survey  attention  was  given  to  the  geology, 
natural  history,  etc.,  of  the  region  traversed.  Mr.  George  Gibbs 
was  attached  to  the  survey  as  geologist  and  interpreter,  C.  B.  R. 
Kennerly  as  surgeon  and  naturalist,  and  James  M.  Alden  as  artist. 
Collections  were  made  and  forwarded  to  Washington.  These  collec- 
tions were  placed  in  the  hands  of  specialists,  who  prepared  reports 
thereon.  The  nature  and  extent  of  these  collections  can  be  inferred 
from  the  report  of  the  Auditor  of  the  Treasury,  already  referred  to. 


m 


62  NOBTHWESTEBN   BOUNDARY   OF  UNITED  STATES,      [bull.  174. 

It  appears  from  that  report  that  about  $3,500  was  expended  on  the 
preparation  o2  reports  on  scientific  subjects.  The  persons  who  pre- 
pared those  reports,  the  subjects  reported  on,  and  the  sums  paid  are 
set  forth  in  the  following  table.  ^ 

Amounts  paid  during  1861-62  for  work  done  in  die  preparation  of  tlie  scientific  pari  of 

the  final  report. 

J.  S.  Harris,  report  on  magnetics,  with  computations,  etc $743.  i^Q 

F.  B.  Meek,  report  on  fossil  moUusks,  with  drawings 375. 00 

Theodore  Gill,  report  on  fishes 300.00 

William  Stimpson,  report  on  crustacese  and  marine  invertebrates 300. 00 

George  Suckley,  report  on  salmonidsc,  ornithology,  and  mammals 300. 00 

P.  B.  Carpenter,  report  on  recent  moUusks. 250. 00 

J.  S.  Newberry,  report  on  fossil  plants 150. 00 

Elliot  Coues,  report  on  birds,  etc 100. 00 

John  Torrey,  report  on  botany 100. 00 

P.  R.  Uhler,  report  on  insects 25. 00 

J.  H.  Richard,  drawings  for  natural  history  reports 463. 00 

John  Cassin,  eight  natural  history  drawings  on  stone 160. 00 

W.  B.  McMurtrie,  drawings  for  geological  reports 100. 00 

T.  Y.  Gardner,  drawings  of  fossil  plants 65. 00 

Thomas  Egleston,  jr.,  analysis  of  mineral  specimens  and  preparing  catalogue.  50. 00 

Mary  B.  Codwise,  copying  natural  history  papers 12.  \)() 

Total 3, 494. 40 

That  the  reports  on  these  various  topics  were  prepared  for  insertion 
m  the  final  report  of  the  commission  is  abundantly  proved.  Mr. 
George  Suckley,  M.  D.,  assistant  surgeon,  United  States  Army,  read 
before  the  New  York  Lyceum  of  Natural  History,  in  June,  1861,  u 
paper  entitled  "Notices  of  certain  new  species  of  North  American 
salmonidae,  chiefly  in  the  collection  of  the  Northwest  Boundary  Com- 
mission, in  charge  of  Archibald  Campbell,  esq.,  commissioner  of  the 
United  States,  collected  by  Dr.  C  B.  R.  Kennerl^'^,  naturalist  to  the 
commission.'"*  In  this  paper  he  says:  "Owing  to  the  unfortunate 
death  of  Dr.  Kennerly  on  his  return  from  a  three-years'  exploration, 
the  preparation  of  a  report  on  certain  of  the  material  collected  by 
him  was  assigned  to  me.  In  the  course  of  this  undertaking  I  have 
prepared  a  copious  synopsis  of  the  species  of  American  salmon  and 
trout,  to  appear  in  the  final  repwt  of  the  commwsimier.  It  has  Jbeen 
thought  best  to  issue  in  advance  brief  descriptions  of  the  species  hith- 
erto unnamed."  And  later  he  alludes  to  papers  "  to  be  referred  to  in 
the  more  extended  report." 

Some  of  the  fossils  collec5:ed  were  described  by  Mr.  F.  B  Meek,^ 
who  says,  "The  fossils  described  in  this  paper  are  the  new  species 
contained  in  the  collections  of  the  Northwestern  Boundary  Survey. 

1  House  Ex.  Doc.  No.  86,  Fortieth  Consress,  third  session,  p.  101. 
*  Annals  Lyceum  Nat.  Hist.  New  York,  vol.  7,  pp.  306-313,1862. 
a  Proc.  Acad.  Nat.  Sci.  Phil.,  vol,  18,  pp.  314-318, 186) . 


Full  illust 

species  f  01 

appear  in 

by  Mr.  G 

geology  o 

This  f  ui 

Dr.  J-  S. 

have  beet 

Society  c 

"Descrip 

geologist 

Mr.  Arc! 

in  Febru 

commiss 

to  any  o 

duced  a 

line.    T 

are  in  1 

(large  o 

stantly : 

that  su 

the  nee 


JBVLh.  174. 

(on  the 
io  pre- 
lid  are 


J)art  of 

'  $743.  r)0 
375.00 
300.00 
300.00 
300.00 
250. 00 
150. 00 
100.  00 
100.  00 
25.  00 
463. 00 
160.  00 
100.  00 
65.  00 
50.  00 
12.  00 


sertion 
1.    Mr. 
y,  read 
1861,  u 
lerican 
'  Com- 
of  the 
to  the 
tunate 
■atioi), 
ed  by 
have 
n  and 
Jbeen 
hith- 
to  in 


BAKER.] 


SCIENTIFIC   RESULTS. 


68 


Full  illustrations  and  more  extended  descriptions  of  these  and  other 
species  formerly  described  by  the  writer,  from  Vancouver  Island,  will 
appear  in  the  report  of  thai  survey,  which  will  also  contain  a  report 
by  Mr.  George  Gibbs,  geologist  of  the  expedition,  on  the  general 
geology  of  the  country  along  the  boundary  line." 

This  full  report  by  Mr.  Meek  is,  so  far  as  I  know,  still  unpublished. 
Dr.  J.  S.  Newberry's  report  on  the  fossil  plants  seems,  however,  to 
have  been  published  in  full.  At  all  events,  he  read,  before  the  Boston 
Society  of  Natural  History,  on  October  1,  1862,  a  paper  entitled* 
"Descriptions  of  the  fossil  plants  collected  by  Mr.  George  Gibbs, 
geologist  to  the  United  States  Northwest  Boundary  Commission,  under 
Mr.  Archibald  Campbell,  U.  S.  Commissioner."  This  paper,  published 
in  February,  1863,  "by  permission  of  Archibald  Campbell,  esq.,  U.  S. 
commissioner.  Northwest  Boundary  Commission,"  makes  no  reference 
to  any  other  or  fuller  report.  The  artist,  Mr.  James  M.  Alden,  pro- 
duced a  fine  series  of  colored  sketches  of  scenery  along  the  boundary 
line.  These  sketches,  obviously  intended  to  illustrate  the  final  report, 
are  in  the  State  Department.  There  are  65  of  these,  all  but  two 
(large  ones)  included  in  three  portfolios.  These  sketches  and  the  con- 
stantly recurring  allusions  to  the  final  report,  and  the  conclusive  proof 
that  such  report  was  prepared,  sharpen  the  desire  and  emphasize 
the  need  of  recovering  it. 

Whether  the  geologic  report  of  Mr.  Gibbs,  alluded  to  by  Mr. 
Meek,  was  ever  published  does  not  appear.  It  may  bo  that  the  rather 
extensive  paper  entitled  "Physical  geography  of  the  northwestern 
boundary  of  the  United  State  s,  by  George  Gibbs,  with  twelve  illus- 
trations," read  before  the  American  Geographical  Society  November 
11,  1869,  and  published  in  its  journal  (vol.  4,  pp.  298-392,  and  vol.  5, 
pp.  134-157),  is  the  report  referred  to. 

•  Bostou  Jour.  Nat.  Hist.,  vol.  7,  pp. 506-624, 18C3. 


eek," 
ecies 
vey. 


APPENDIX  A 


Miles. 


m 


MODE  OF  DETERMINING  POINTS  ON  THE  PARAIiLEI.. 

Thi  following  is  the  agreement  as  to  method  of  determining  points 
on  the  parallel  by  measures  from  the  tangent.  This  agreement  and 
the  accompanying  table  are  copied  from  the  original  in  the  State 
Department. 

TO  DETERMINE  POINTS  OIT  THE  FORTY-NINTH  PARALLEL  BY  MEANS  OP  THE  TANGENT. 

Wherever  points  of  the  parallel  between  the  astronomical  stations  are  to  be  deter- 
mined it  is  hereby  agreed  to  adopt  the  method  of  offsets  from  the  tangent  to  the 
parallel. 

For  computing  the  length  of  these  offsets  the  following  formula  is  adopted,  being 
tliat  used  in  computing  the  difference  of  latitude  of  points  in  secondary  triangles  or 
those  whose  sides  do  not  exceed  12  miles  in  length: 


where 


-dL=kB  cos  Z  +  IcK'.  sin^  Z  +  h^D 

dL=difference  of  latitude  of  the  two  points; 
^•=length  of  side  connecting  them; 
1 


B= 


C= 


R  arc  V 
tan  L 
2NRarcl''" 
le^  sin.  L  cos  L  arc  V\ 


(l-e'sin-'L)- 
/i=fcB  cos  Z; 

a{l -(?•') 


R 


N= 


(l-f'^sin^L); 
a 


.r 


(l-f'^'sin^  L)5 
a=equatorial  radius  of  the  earth=6  974  127.31  yards; 
<'=eccentricity =0.081  G96  830; 

Z=azimutli  of  tangent  counting  from  south  around  by  west;  whence 
west=90°,  ea8t=270°. 

This  formula  becomes  in  the  present  case 
-dL=kK; 
or,  taking  offset  in  yards=i5,  distance  in  yards  on  the  tangent=D 
log5=2  log  D-h  2.915491. 

Jno.  G.  Parke, 
LieutenarU,  Corps  Topographical  Engineerx  U,  S.,  Chief  Astronomer  and  ^Survey  or. 

R.  W.  Haio, 
Captain,  K.  A.,  Astronomer  British  Commission. 

Camp  Simiahmoo,  Forty-ninth  Parallel,  April  "23,  1859. 
64 


BAKKl 


OFFSETS    FROM   TANGENT    TO    PARALLEL. 


()5 


Bull.  174 


(i 


AVrENDIX  B. 


IIKPOIIT  OF  J.  G.  PARKE,  NOVEMBER   12,  1859.' 

United  States  Boundary  Survey,  Colville  Depot, 

Wm/ihu/foi)  Territon/.  Novemher  7^,  1859. 

Sir:  1  have  the  honoi-  respectfully  to  submit  the  following-  report 
of  the  progress  made  during  the  past  season  in  the  survey  of  the  forty- 
ninth  parallel  by  the  several  parties  of  the  United  States  eominission: 

The  organization  of  the  parties  throughout  the  greater  part  of  the 
season  has  been  as  follows:  Two  astronomical  parties,  one  surveying 
party,  one  reconnoissance  party. 

Mr.  G.  Clinton  Gardner,  assistant  astronomer  and  surveyor,  in 
charge  of  an  astronomical  party;  Professor  Nooney,  assistant. 

Mr.  Joseph  S.  Harris,  in  charge  of  second  astronomical  party;  Mr 
Hudson,  assistant. 

Mr.  Charles  T.  Gardner,  in  charge  of  the  surveying  part3\ 

Mr.  H.  Custer,  in  charge  of  the  reconnoissance  part}'. 

Mr.  J.  Nevin  King,  in  charge  of  Chilowcyuck  depot,  on  Eraser  rive: 
md  forwarding  supplies  to  the  parties  in  the  field. 

Dr.  C.  B.  R.  Kennerly,  in  charge  of  depot,  Chilowcyuck  lake,  ii 
addition  to  his  duties  as  surgeon  and  naturalist. 

Mr.  George  Gibbs,  in  addition  to  the  geological  reconnoissance,  had 
charge  of  a  party  engaged  in  opening  a  trail  through  from  the  Skagit 
valley  to  the  Similkamecn. 

Mr.  11.  V.  Peabody,  in  charge  of  the  subsistence  and  transporfaition 
for  the  parties  to  the  eastward  of  the  lake  depot. 

Mr.  Major  assisted  in  the  computations  at  the  astronomical  stations. 

The  reconnoissance  at  the  close  of  the  last  season  extended  as  far 
east  as  the  valley  of  the  Skagit,  and  the  astronomical  observiitions  nec- 
essary for  marking  the  three  points  of  th(;  parallel  in  the  valley  of  the 
Chilowcyuck  were  completed.  On  taking  the  field  the  present  sea- 
son, the  first  object  was  to  complete  the  measurements  and  marking 
the  parallel  at  these  three  stations,  Tummeahai,  Chilowcyuck  lake, 
and  Chuch-che-hum.  Then  make  reconnoissance  for  the  location  of 
astronomical  stations  and  the  opening  of  trails  in  advance,  of  the 
parties  occupying  these  stations. 

The  first  party,  under  the  charge  of  Mr.  G.  C.  Gardner,  left  Camp 
Simiahmoo  for  the  Chilowcyuck  depot  on  the  eighteenth  day  of  April. 


m 


Kt'prlntcil  from  Seimte  Kx.  l>ot\  No.  lU,  36th  Cong.,  1st  Hess.,  pp.  2-7. 


liAKEK.j 


REPORT    BY   PARKE,   1859. 


(>7 


riu!  zenith  telescope  and  transit  instrument  were  put  up  and  observa- 
tions made  for  latitude  and  time,  lleconnoitering  and  surveying 
parties  took  the  field,  with  instructions  to  connect  Sumass  station  with 
the  depot  and  continue  on  over  the  trail,  connecting  the  several 
astronomical  stations,  and  to  ol)tain  the  topography  of  the  country 
along  and  adjacent  to  the  boundary  line.  The  pack  mules  were  sent 
from  their  wintering  station  to  the  depot,  and  arrangements  were 
made  for  the  delivery  of  subsistence,  stores,  and  forage,  at  that  place. 

A  chronometer  trip  was  made  Ijctween  Camp  Simiahmoo  and  Chilo- 
weyuck  depot  by  a  party  under  charge  of  Mr.  Harris.  Eleven  chro- 
nometers were  transported  back  and  forth,  and  the  entire  trip  being 
performed  in  whale-boats,  it  is  confidently  expected  that  a  very  nice 
determination  of  the  difference  of  longitude  will  ])e  obtained.  The 
observations  for  time  at  the  depot  were  made  by  Mr.  Gardner,  and 
those  at  Camp  Simiahmoo  by  myself. 

On  the  IDth  of  May,  Mi-.  Harris  left  Camp  Simiahmoo  with  the 
outfit  for  an  astronomical  and  surveying  party.  On  arriving  at  the 
depot,  he  started  for  the  Tummeahai  station,  Mr.  Custer  having  previ- 
ously found  a  practica})le  route  for  a  pack  trail  to  that  point  on  the 
left  ])ank  of  the  Chiloweyuck,  it  being  impracticable  at  that  time  to 
cross  the  stream  opposite  the  mouth  of  the  Tummeahai.  Mr.  Custer 
commenced  opening  the  trail;  and,  on  Mr.  Harris  taking  charge  of 
the  party,  Mr.  Custer  continued  his  reconnoissance  over  to  the  Nook- 
sahk,  and  up  the  tributaries  of  the  Chiloweyui'k. 

The  trail  from  the  d(^pot  to  Chilowej^uck  lake  was  reopened  and 
made  practicable  for  pack  nuiles,  requiring  bridging,  corduroying,  and 
heavy  grading.  The  high  water  of  the  streams,  and  the  great  quan- 
tity of  fallen  timber,  made  the  work  very  h(!avy,  and  required  a  strong 
force. 

On  the  third  of  rFune  I  arrived  at  Chilowej'uck  depot,  and  on  the 
fourth,  Mr.  G.  C.  Gardner  started  for  the  hike  depot.  Arriving  there, 
he  put  the  boats  in  order,  built  a  storehouse  for  the  supplies,  and  com- 
menced marking  the  parallel  by  cutting  a  vista  through  the  timber 
across  the  valley,  at  the  >()uthern  end  of  the  lake.  On  the  completion 
of  this,  he  proceeded  to  Chuch<'hehum  station,  and  made  a  cut  there  on 
the  parallel,  embracing  the  two  crossings  of  the  trail.  The  parallel  at 
these  stations  was  marked  by  pyramidal  piles  of  stones  from  six  to  eight 
feet  high,  covering  posts  accurately  marking  points  on  the  line.  Mr. 
Harris  marked  the  parallel  in  the  same  manner  at  the  Tunuiieahai  sta- 
tion, haying  cut  a  vista  through  the  timl)er,  embracing  the  two  forks 
of  the  stream.  On  the  completion  of  the  work  at  Tummeahai,  Mr. 
Harris  proceeded  to  the  lake  depot,  and  commenced  opening  the  trail 
through  to  the  station  on  the  Skagit  I'iver.  Here  again  the  work  was 
very  heavy,  it  retjuiring  a  force  of  from  ten  to  eighteen  men  nearly  one 
month  to  open  about  thirty-five  miles  of  trail,  of  which  nearly  one- 


68 


NOKTHWJfiSTEBN    BOUNDAUY    OF    UNITED    STATES.      [mii.Kl. 


m 


half  had  been  traveled  during  the  previous  year.  On  reaching;-  the  val- 
ley of  the  Skagit  Mr.  Harris  loeated  his  observatory, and  coinnieiui'd 
observations  for  determining  the  point  where  the  parallel  erosses  the 
river. 

While  at  Chiloweyuck  depot,  I  found  that  our  supply  of  pack  nudes 
was  insuflScient  to  enable  the  parties  to  progress  with  the  work  with- 
out great  loss  of  time.  Mules,  apparejos,  and  paek-saddles  were  pur- 
ehased,  and  additional  packers  employed,  so  that  th(».  suppliers  ami 
outfits  of  the  several  parties  were  carried  forward  as  rapidly  as  the 
work  progressed  and  the  trail  was  opened. 

On  Mr.  Gardner's  completing  the  work  at  Chuchchehum  station, 
we  proceeded  to  make  a  reconnoissance  of  the  country  to  the  (^ist  of 
Skagit  station,  with  a  view  of  locating  astronomical  stations  and  detei- 
mining  a  route  for  a  trail  through  to  the  Similkameen  and  Okinakanc 
valleys,  a  region  of  country  that  had  been  heretofore  unexplored  and 
known  only  to  a  few  Indian  hunters.  We  found  a  mass  of  rugged 
and  heavily  timbered  mountains,  extending  north  and  south,  and  hav- 
ing a  breadth  of  about  seventy-five  miles.  Through  ])v  far  the  greater 
portion  of  this  distance,  no  trails  were  found;  but,  l)y  dint  of  constant 
work  of  four  axemen,  we  were  enabled  to  forc(»  our  way  through  the 
Similkameen.  A  good  and  practicable  route  was  however  found, 
crossing  two  summits  having  an  elevation  of  about  six  thousand  feet. 
A  road  party  was  immediately  placed  upon  this  route,  under  charge  of 
of  Mr.  Gibbs.  He  was  supplied  with  axes,  picks,  and  shovels;  and, 
after  five  weeks'  labor  with  a  strong  force,  a  trail  was  opened,  so  that 
our  instrmnents  and  supplies  could  be  packed  through  without 
difficulty. 

On  returning  from  this  reconnoissance  Mr.  Gardner  started  with 
his  party  to  occupy  a  station  on  the  Similkameen.  And  Mr.  Harris, 
having  completed  his  determination  and  marking  of  the  parallel  at  the 
Skagit  station,  proceeded  to  occupy  one  nearly  midway  between  the 
Skagit  and  Similkameen,  on  the  Pasayten,  a  tributary  of  the;  latter. 
In  the  meantime,  the  survey  connecting  the  astronomical  stations  was 
continued  by  the  trail,  the  nearest  practicable  line  to  tht^  parallel,  as 
well  as  the  reconnoissance  of  the  country  on  l)oth  sides  of  the  parallel. 
On  the  completion  of  the  observations,  computations,  and  marking  the 
parallel  at  Pasayten,  Mr.  Harris's  party  moved  on  to  the  Similkameen, 
and  remained  there  in  camp,  while  Mr.  Harris  accompanied  me  on  a 
reconnoissance,  to  select  another  station  on  the  Nehoialpitkwu,  a))ou( 
thirty -five  miles  to  the  eastward.  After  reaching  the  Similkameen,  wc 
had  no  difficulty  in  traveling,  the  country  being  open  and  grass}',  and 
occupied  by  horseback  Indians;  numerous  well-worn  trails  were  found 
running  in  every  direction.  One  of  these  we  found  particularly  advan- 
tageous, leading  eastward  from  the  Similkameen  to  Fort  Colville,  on 
the  Columbia  river,  a  distance  of  about  one  hundred  miles.     After 


crossing  1 
the  Nehoi 
ing  the  p: 
From  t 
parallel, 
marked  I 
th«>  other 
voning  c< 
lection  o 
affording 
The  fii 
and  the  ] 
tory,  on 
across  tl 
stone. 
the  para 
The  s( 
by  the  t 
party  is 
mouth  0 
allel  wil 
with  th( 
to  this  i 
at  pres' 
inches  < 
mornin 
To  r( 
by  part 
A  CO 
three  j 
A  c( 
which 
the  f  ol 
(Lake 
parties 
detern 
Nehoi 
A  ( 
Simla 
Ob> 
at  tw( 
At 
Ac 
the  a 
three 


. 


Ifi.r..  171, 


nAKF.n.] 


REPORT    BY    PARKE,   1859. 


69 


!<•  v;il. 
[K'liccd 

f«'s  the 

mules 
Mil  li- 
re pur- 
los  and 
as  tlie 


crossinj^  the  divide  to  the  east  of  Lake  Osogoos  [sic],  the  trail  strikes 
the  Nehoialpitkwu,  and  follows  down  the  vallej'  of  this  stream  cross- 
ing the  parallel  three  times. 

From  the  astronomical  station  on  the  Similkameen,  two  points  of  the 
parallel,  at  an  interval  of  about  fifteen  miles,  were  determined  and 
marked  l>y  triangidation:  one  at  the  crossing  of  the  Similkameen  and 
the  other  at  Lak<^  Osoyoos,  in  the  vallej^  of  the  Okinakane.  The  inter- 
vening country  is  generally  destitute  of  timber,  and  made  up  of  a  col- 
lection of  kno])s  and  high  hills  with  intervening  plains  and  valleys, 
affording  good  ground  for  the  location  of  well  conditioned  triangles. 

The  first  station  on  the  Nehoialpitkwu  was  occupied  by  Mr.  Harris, 
and  the  parallel  was  d»»termined  I)}'  a  measurement  from  the  observa- 
tory, on  the  meridian,  and  marked  by  a  cut,  nearly  a  mile  in  length, 
across  the  valley,  and  l)y  three  monuments — two  of  earth  and  one  of 
stone.  At  this  station  the  stream  passes  from  north  to  the  south  of 
the  parallel. 

The  second  station  on  the  Nehoialpitkwu,  aliout  thirty  miles  distant 
by  the  trail,  is  now  occupied  by  Mr.  Gardner's  party,  and  Mr.  Harris's 
party  is  in  position  on  the  right  bank  of  the  Columbia  river,  near  the 
mouth  of  Clarke's  Fork.  It  is  believed  that  these  points  of  the  par- 
allel will  soon  be  determined  and  marked,  when  these  parties,  together 
with  th(^  surveying  and  reconnoitering  parties,  arc  instructed  to  repair 
to  this  point  and  go  into  winter  quarters.  The  weather,  however,  is 
at  present  very  severe,  the  ground  being  covered  with  three  or  four 
inches  of  snow,  and  the  thermometer  giving  readings  for  the  last  three 
mornings  as  low  as  four,  two,  and  ten  degrees  below  zero. 

To  recapitulate,  the  following  is  the  amount  of  work  accomplished 
by  parties  of  the  United  States  commission  during  the  present  season: 

A  completion  of  the  determination  and  marking  the  parallel  from 
three  points  astronomically  fixed  at  the  close  of  the  last  season. 

A  complete  set  of  ol)servations  for  latitude  at  four  stations,  from 
which  the  parallel  has  been  determined  and  marked  at  the  crossings  of 
the  following  streams:  the  Skagit,  Pasayten,  Similkameen,  Okinakane, 
(Lake  Osoyoos,)  and  Nehoialpitkwu.  And  before  the  astronomical 
parties  leave  the  field,  the  necessary  observations  will  be  completed  for 
determining  two  other  points  of  the  parallel,  the  third  crossing  of  the 
Nehoialpitkwu,  and  the  Columbia  river. 

A  chronometer  trip  for  difference  of  longitude  between  Camp 
Simiahmoo  and  Chilowayiu'k  depot. 

Observations  of  the  transit  of  the  moon  and  moon-culminating  stars 
at  two  of  the  latitude  stations  for  absolute  longitude. 

A  triangulation  covering  an  area  of  about  fifty  square  miles. 

A  survey  of  the  nearest  practicable  lines  to  the  parallel,  connecting 
the  astronomical  stations,  making  a  total  distance  chained  of  about 
three  hundred  and  seventy  miles. 


70 


NORTHWESTERN    HOUNDAUY    OF    UNITED    STATES.      [mii.iTi. 


Itcoonnois.siiucj's  foi-  (Icvclopiii};'  tho  t<)p()fifr!ipliy  ulono-  :uul  adjacctit 
to  tho  Ijoundurv  liMc,  aiul  foi'  lociitin*^'  r()iit«'s  of  ('onimunicatioii. 
These  recoiinoissaiices  have  extended  ovvv  an  area  of  about  six  thousand 
square  miles. 

A  full  set  of  magnetic  o))servations  were  made  at  one  station.  And 
throughout  the  work,  all  the  ne»'essary  o])servations  for  time,  a/inuith. 
micrometer  value,  and  instrumental  cornM-tions  wei-e  ear«'fully  made 

The  two  astronomical  parties  and  the  i-econnoissance  party  weir 
furnished  with  sets  of  meteoi'ologicai  instruments.  Full  and  detailed 
registers  have  been  kept  at  th(»  different  stations,  and,  as  far  as  pos- 
sible, simultaneous  readings  of  the  ])arometer  have  Ix^en  taken,  while 
the  parties  were  moving  from  station  to  station;  which,  with  the  cor- 
responding observations  at  camp  Simiahmoo  and  the  tixed  stations, 
will  enable  us  to  give  very  exa(^t  profiles  of  the  country  traversed. 

The  geological  reconnoissance  has  ])een  extended  over  the  Held  of 
operations,  and  valuable  collections  made  of  botsmical  and  natural 
history  specimens. 

The  forty-ninth  parallel,  as  far  as  determined  during  the  present 
season,  traverses  a  mountainous  country,  and,  excepting  a  few  locali- 
ties, the  entire  region  is  eminently  unfit  for  occupation  or  settlement. 
The  mountains  are  rugged  and  precipitous,  and  attiiin  great  elevations; 
the  ridges  and  peaks  of  the  Cascade  mountains  being  covered  with 
perpetual  snoAV.  Glaciers  were  discovered;  and  during  the  months  of 
June  and  July  snow  to  the  depth  of  two  feet  was  encountered  on  oui' 
very  route  of  travel.  A  heavy  growth  of  pines  and  fir  abounds 
throughout  the  entire  line  from  the  Gulf  of  Georgia,  with  the  excep- 
tion of  short  intervals  in  the  valleys  of  the  Similkameen,  Okinakane. 
and  Nehoialpitkwu. 

Under  the  fortj^-ninth  parallel  the  Cascade  mountains  have  a 
breadth  of  about  two  degrees  in  longitude,  and  as  the  general  trend 
of  these  mountains  is  at  right  angles  to  the  line  of  our  work,  we  were 
necessarily  forced  into  crossing  the  ridges  with  our  routes  of  commu- 
nication, involving  much  labor  in  cutting,  grading,  and  bridging  to 
make  these  routes  practicable  for  even  pack-mule  transportation. 
The  water  courses  are  numerous  and  rapid,  rendering  the  fords  fre- 
quent and  dangerous.  A  slight  rise  in  these  streams  makes  them 
impassable.  Notwithstanding  the  difficulties  of  the  country  and  the 
precarious  mode  of  transporting  the  instruments,  1  am  happy  to  report 
that  we  have  got  thus  far  through  the  season's  work  without  any 
damage  to  our  astronomical  instruments.  I  regret,  however,  that  we 
have  been  less  fortunate  with  the  magnetic  instruments.  The  mule 
carrying  these  missed  his  footing  and  rolled  down  a  precipitous  bank. 
The  magnetic  theodolite  will  have  to  be  replaced,  and  the  other  instru- 
ments will  require  repairing.  1  also  have  to  report  the  breakage  of 
our  barometer.  We  were,  however,  able  soon  to  replace  this  instru- 
ment from  the  lake  depot. 


mals 


fl'll..  171. 


BAKER.] 


REPORT    HY    PARKE,    1859. 


71 


IjiK'CMt 

I'iitioii. 
)u.saiid 

And 
linuti). 
IniaHc. 
were 
^tailed 
IS  pos- 
whilc 
lie  coi- 
[ation.s, 
led. 

Held  of 
fiatural 


Oil  roach iuj''  tho  valleys  of  the  Siinilkameen  and  Okinakane  we  were 
met  by  our  additional  escort,  under  the  command  of  Captain  Archer, 
United  States  army.  I  take  great  pleasure  in  acknowledging  my 
obligations  for  th(;  timely  and  valuable  assistance  rendered  us  by  him- 
self and  officers  of  his  command. 

Preparations  ar(^  now  making  at  this  place  to  winter  tiie  several 
parties  on  their  i(»turn  from  the  field.  A  great  abundance  of  material 
for  building  (juartcM's  is  found  directly  at  hand.  A  supply  of  pro- 
visions has  been  procured. 

The  winters  of  this  regioji  are  reported  to  be  very  severe  on  ani- 
mals, the  snow  falling  to  a  great  depth.  We  have  laid  in  a  good 
stock  of  hay,  and,  ))y  erecting  temporary  shelter,  we  have  little  fears 
of  losing  any  of  our  mules. 

Our  work  during  the  next  season  will  extend  from  the  Columbia 
river  to  the  Rocky  mountains.  From  careful  inquiry,  the  entire  dis- 
tance is  represented  as  mountainous  and  timbered,  excepting  perhaps 
a  short  stretch  in  the  valley  of  the  Kootenay,  near  the  base  of  the 
Rocky  mountains.  In  this  valley  the  Hudson's  iiay  Company  have  a 
trading  post  near  to  the  parallel.  This  post  is  supplied  from  Fort 
Colville,  and  the  companj^'s  trail  to  that  point  will  no  doubt  be  of 
great  service  to  us  in  sending  parties  to  the  line,  particularly  to  those 
stations  close  to  the  Rocky  mountains. 

In  reference  to  the  mode  or  order  of  proceeding  with  the  astronom- 
ical stations  during  the  next  season,  I  would  respectfully  suggest  that 
we  be  allowed  to  proceed  directly  to  the  extreme  eastern  stations,  so 
that  on  the  melting  of  the  snows,  we  will  be  able  to  complete  those, 
and  retire  in  good  season,  leaving  these  nearer  this  depot  for  the  last. 
By  following  this  plan  we  will  have  less  difficulty  in  falling  back  on 
this  place,  in  the  event  of  any  great  detention  or  delay  from  rugged- 
ness  of  country  and  swollen  streams,  or  even  should  the  winter  set  in 
before  the  completion  of  the  work.  It  is  confidently  expected,  how- 
ever, that  we  will  be  able  to  complete  all  of  the  astronomical  stations 
during  the  next  season,  Mr.  Gibbs  is  at  present  making  a  reconnois- 
sance  of  the  trail  in  the  direction  of  the  Kootenay.  This  will  enable 
us  to  commence  in  the  early  spring  with  a  working  party  on  this 
route.  It  is  believed  that  we  will  have  to  build  bridges  and  make  flat- 
boats  for  ferrying  Clarke's  Fork  (Pend  d'Oreille)  and  one  of  its  tribu- 
taries, besides  much  cutting  and  corduroying. 

Before  closing  this  report  I  take  great  pleasure  in  again  convnend- 
Ing  to  3'ou  the  great  zeal  and  devotion  to  duty  evinced  by  the  assistant 
astronomer  and  surveyor,  and  the  several  assistants  engaged  upon  the 
work;  and  I  am  happy  to  say  that  the  amount  of  work  accomplished 
during  the  season  has  quite  equalled  the  higheist  estimates. 

I  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

John  G.  Parke, 
Lieut.  Corpn  Top.  Kng'x.,  Chief  Astron^i'  and  Surv'r. 


APPENDIX    a 


IlKPORT   OF  AIldllHALI)   (lAMPlVELL,  FEnilirAIlY  3,  ISOJ).' 

I'nitki)  Statks  Nouthwkstkhn  Boundary  Commission. 

WdMhington,  D.  C,  Fehruary  S,  IRGO. 
Sir:  I  have  the  honor  to  acknowledge  the  receipt  of  your  letter  of 
the  10th  ultimo,  asking  far  information  concerning  tlie  matters  men- 
tioned in  a  resolution  of  the  House  of  Kepresentative-  of  the  13th  of 
Jaiuiary: 

That  the  Secretary  of  Stato  be  dirpctcvl  to  communicate  to  the  House  the  total 
iiuonnt  expended  for  tlie  northwestern  boundary  commission,  and  to  give  in  detail 
the  items  of  expen<liture,  the  numlx^r  and  names  of  persons  employed  in  such  com 
mission,  how  lonjr  employed,  and  at  what  salaries,  and  the  nature  and  extent  of  tin 
services  performed. 

In  reply  to  your  letter  I   have  the  honor  to  transmit  herewith  th( 
following  papers: 

Financial  statement,  January  1,  18f)l»,  marked  A. 

List  of  persons  composing  the  {'ommission,  with  rates  of  salaries 
&('.,  marked  B. 

List  of  assistants  employed  in  running  and  marking  the  boundary 
line,  with  statement  of  pay,  &(^,  marked  C. 

List  of  assistants  employed  in  working  up  the  results  of  the  sui'vey, 
with  statement  of  pay,  &c.,  marked  D. 

Statement  of  labor  employed  in  running  and  marking  the  boundary 
line,  marked  E. 

Statement  of  services  of  Indians,  marked  F. 

In  regard  to  "the  nature  and  extent  of  the  services  performed," 
nothing  short  of  the  full  reports  of  the  chief  astronomer  and  surv^ej'or, 
and  other  officers  of  the  commission,  and  the  detailed  maps  of  the  sur- 
vey of  the  boundary  line,  can  give  an  adequate  idea  of  the  subject.  It  is 
not  supposed,  however,  that  the  House  of  Representatives  desires  so 
comprehensive  a  reply  to  their  inquiry.  I  shall  therefore  endeavor 
as  briefly  as  possible  to  furnish  the  information  called  for. 

On  the  11th  August,  1856,  Congress  passed  a  law,  authorizing  the 
appointment  of  a  commission  on  the  part  of  the  United  States,  to  unite 
w^ith  a  similar  commission  to  be  appointed  by  Great  Britain,  for  the 
purpose  of  carrying  into  effect  the  first  article  of  the  treaty  of  June  15, 


I  Reprinted  from  House  Kx.  Doe.  8fi,  40th  Ooiigress,  3d  scmion. 


I1AKRK.] 


REPORT    BY    CAMl'HEI.L,    l««n. 


73 


184<»,  thftt  is,  to  dcti  iiniiu'  and  iimrk  the  IkhiikIiiit   lino  Ix'twctMi  tin" 
United  States  and  British  possessions,  aj^reed  upon  in  the  treaty,  vi/,: 

From  the  point  on  the  49th  parallel  of  north  hititud*',  w  hiTe  the  bomidary  laiil 
down  in  existinf;  treatien  and  conventions  between  tlie  United  States  and  (ireat  Uril- 
ain  terminates,  *  *  *  westward  alon^r  the  said  4)(tli  jiarailel  of  nortli  latitnde, 
to  tiie  middle  of  the  channel  whicli  separates  the  eontinei  ironi  Vaneouver's  island, 
and  thence  sontherly,  lliroii^li  the  middle  of  the  said  channel  and  of  Fuc«'h  straits, 
to  tlie  Pacific  ocean. 

Toward  the  close  of  the  year  the  British  (Tovernnient  appointed 
Captain  Prevost,  royal  navy,  eonnnandinjf  steamer  Satellite,  tirst 
commissioner  to  determine  that  part  of  the  line  which  I'lms  throuj,'h 
"the  channel  which  separates  the  continent  fronj  Vancouver's  island/' 
and  announced  that  he  had  started  on  his  way  to  the  vicinity  of  the 
houndary  line,  and  that  Captain  Richards,  royal  navy,  second  com- 
missioner, would  shortlj'  follow. 

Although  the  powers  of  the  British  commission  were  limited  to  tne 
determination  of  the  water- boundary  alone,  whi1o  the  act  of  Congivss 
authorized,  on  the  part  of  the  United  States,  the  determination  of  the 
boundary  from  the  crest  of  the  Rocky  mountains  tt)  th(>  Pacific  ocean, 
the  President  decided  to  carry  out  the  law  ])v  the  appoiiitm(»nt  of 
officers  authorized  thereby,  and  to  notify  the  British  government  of 
the  ditl'erence  between  the  powers  of  the  two  commissions.  In  Feb- 
ruary, 1857, 1  was  appointed  conunissioner.  Lieutenant  .John  G.  Parke, 
United  States  army,  chief  astronomer  and  surveyor,  and  (i.  Clinton 
Gardner,  assistant  astronomer  and  surveyor,  on  tlu;  part  of  the  United 
Sttites. 

Under  instructions  from  the  State  Department,  the  United  States 
commission  was  duly  orgiuiized  and  directed  to  repair  to  Fuca's  straits, 
via  San  Francisco,  to  meet  the  British  commission.  At  the  close  of 
June,  1  met  Captain  Preyost,  the  British  commissioner,  at  Esquimalt 
harbor,  at  the  southern  end  of  Vancouver's  island,  and  was  informed 
by  him  that  until  the  arrival  of  Captain  Richards,  second  commissioner, 
with  the  surveying  party,  he  was  not  prepared  to  enter  upon  the 
determination  of  the  water  boutidary.  The  Ignited  States  commis- 
sioner therefore  proceeded  to  the  western  terminus  of  the  49th  parallel, 
on  the  main  land,  and  established  a  depot  and  located  an  observa- 
tory, for  the  commencement  of  the  survey  along  the  4!>th  paralhd, 
eastward,  to  the  crest  of  the  Rocky  mountains.  The  British  govern- 
ment not  yet  having  provided  a  commissioner  ft)r  that  part  of  the 
boundary  line,  we  were  obliged  to  connnence  the  work  without  its 
co-operation.  Reconnoissances  and  explorations  in  the  vicinity  of  the 
boundary  line  were  at  once  commenced,  and  contiimed  as  long  as  the 
season  permitted  field  operations.  Before  the  spring,  four  astro- 
nomical points  on  the  49th  parallel  were  determined,  and  the  country 
thoroughly  reconnoitered  in  the  vicinity  of  the  parallel,  for  a  consider 
able  distance  eastward. 


74 


NOIITIIWKSTKKN    HODNDAHY    «)K    I'MTKI)    STATKM.      [m  1.1.1:1. 


Towiinls  tli»«  clo.st'  (tf  Ociohcr.  Captiiin  IM-cvost  visitod  thr  4lttli 
piinilli'l  iiiid  iiifoi'iiH'd  iiic  tliiit  ("iiptiiiii  Kicluii'ds  hud  not  vt't  iiiTivinl. 
Imt  that,  us  he  hud  .sutisticd  hiinsidt"  ot"  tht'  {••ciicrul  ucciinicy  of  tlic 
Ignited  States  Coast  Siii'vcy  chai't  of  thr  chaniicls  and  islands  iM'twccii 
th»'  continent  and  Vancouver's  island,  he  should  act  independt'ntly  of 
iiiin.  He  then'fore  jn-oposed  that  we  should  ut  once  jn'oceed  to  tin' 
detei'niinution  of  th(>  water  l»oundai'v.  Se\'eral  ineetinjfs  of  the  joint 
connnissi(tn  accordinj^'ly  look  place,  at  which  the  cpiestion  of  the 
l>ound:'.'"y  channel  was  verbally  discus.sed.  The  British  <'onuuissioner 
(laiined  Kosaiio  straits  (the  chaiuiel  n«'arest  the  continent.)  whih'  ! 
claimed  the  C^anal  de  Hai'o,  (the  channel  nearest  Vancouver's  island) 
as  the  boundary  channel,  intiMuh'd  by  the  treaty.  Between  these  two 
chaiuiels  lies  the  Haro  ar<rhipela<jo,  a  j^roup  ot  islands,  of  which  San 
Juan  forms  a  part. 

The  verbal  discission  was  followed  by  u  correspondence  on  the  sub- 
ject, in  which  the  merits  of  thiMjuestion  were  fully  set  forth.  Captiin 
Prevost  concluded  the  correspondence  by  a  proposition  to  compromise 
the  dirt'erenee,  by  running  the  boundary  throuj»'h  an  intermediate 
chamiel  wh*i<^h  would  secure  the  island  of  San  .Juan  to  Great  Britain. 
This  })ropositioii  I  declined. 

For  more  full  information  in  regard  to  the  question  of  the  water 
boundary  I  would  respectfully  refer  to  Senate  Ex.  Doc,  No.  20,  2d 
session,  4()th  Congress.  This  document  contains  the  correspondence 
above  referred  to,  with  a  geographical  memoir  of  the  islands  in  dispute, 
and  a  map  and  cross-sections  of  the  channels. 

In  conformity  with  the  fifth  section  of  the  act  organizing  the  com- 
mission, the  President  (through  the  Secretary  of  the  Treasury)  directed 
th<»  Superintendent  of  the  Coast  Survey  to  place  the  steamer  Active 
and  brig  Fauntleroy  at  the  disposal  of  the  conuuissioner  when 
re(|uired.  Both  vessels  were  accordingly  employed  for  the  survey  and 
soundings  of  the  various  channels  and  islands  between  the  continent 
and  Vancouver's  island,  a  portion  of  the  expenses  of  the  Active  being 
paid  by  the  commission  during  the  time  that  vessel  was  employed  on 
this  duty. 

After  the  arrival  of  the  British  surveying  steamer  Plumper,  Captain 
Richards  co-operated  with  the  United  States  Coast  Survey  vessels,  and 
a  thorough  and  complet<>  survey  of  all  the  channels  and  islands  between 
the  continent  and  Vancouver's  island  south  of  the  49th  parallel  was  made. 

The  map  above  referred  to  is  the  result  of  this  joint  survey,  which 
occupied  several  seasons. 

In  the  summer  of  1858  Col.  J.  S.  Hawkins,  royal  engineers, 
appointed  by  the  British  government  commissioner  to  determine  the 
boundary  line  along  the  49th  parallel,  arrived  from  England  with  a 
suitable  party  organized  for  field  operations.     At  the  time  of  his 


HA  K  Kit. 


KKPORT    «Y    CAMPBELL,   18»i(>. 


"  r 
<  i) 


iirrivul  th«^  cxcitcmoiit  arising  from  the  diHcovcrv  <>f  j;ol<l  <»n  Friizci' 
river  was  iit  its  hcij^iit.  Tliis  event  ciiused  for  ii  tinn'  jfii'iit  inrrease 
in  the  \)\''u'o  of  labor  and  supplies,  and  created  considerable  embar- 
rassuHMit,  delay,  and  additional  expense  in  the  Held  operations  of  the 
season. 

A  meeting  of  the  joint  eomniission  was  held  foi-  the  pui'i)osc  of 
ajjreeinj^  upon  a  plan  of  Held  operations  for  the  survey  of  the  land 
boundary.     The  followinjf  is  a  copy  of  the  airanjfenient  made: 

After  <liH('U8Hinp  pliiiiH  for  determining  und  niarkin),'  the  line  a»  fur  eiiHtwiinl  uh  the 
Cawwie  innnntainH,  it  wan  eonduded  to  he  inexjtedient  at  the  i)resent  tiiiic.  in  ciinse- 
quence  of  the  great  expense,  eonflnniption  of  time,  untl  the  inipracticahlc  nafinc  (»f 
the  country,  to  mark  the  whole  boundary  Ity  cutting  a  track  tlirough  the  dense 
forest. 

It  was  therefore  agreed  to  ascertain  points  on  the  hue  })y  tlie  determination  of 
astronomical  points  at  convenient  intervals  on  or  near  the  lx)undary,  and  to  mark 
such  astronomical  stations,  or  points  fixed  on  the  parallel  forming  the  honndary,  1)y 
cutting  a  trcu'.k  of  not  less  than  20  feet  in  width  (jn  each  side  for  the  distance  of  Iialf 
a  mile  or  more,  according  to  circumstances.  Further,  that  the  boundary  bo  deter- 
mined and  similarly  marked  where  it  crosses  streams  of  any  size,  iH!rman«'nt  trails, 
or  any  striking  natural  feature  of  the  country. 

In  the  vicinity  of  settlements  on  or  near  the  line,  it  is  deemed  advisable  to  cut  the 
track  for  a  greater  distance,  and  to  mark  it  in  a  manner  to  be  determined  hereafter. 

The  work  of  running  and  marking  the  land  boundar}'  was  carried 
on  through  a  country  previously  almcst  unknown.  The  49th  parallel 
extends  over  rugged  and  precipitous  mountains  that  attain  great 
elevation,  and  in  the  Cascade  range,  on  and  near  the  boundary,  per- 
petual snow  covers  many  of  the  peaks,  whose  northern  gorges  are 
filled  up  with  immense  glaciers.  The  timber  on  the  western  slope  of 
the  Cascade  moiintains  is  dense,  being  a  heavj'^  growth  of  pine  and  fir, 
that  in  many  places  stands  over  a  fallen  forest  not  yet  decayed.  This 
is  the  character  of  the  country  as  far  east  as  the  valley  of  the  Simil- 
kameen  river,  one  of  the  tributaries  of  the  Columbia.  Here  the 
timber  becomes  more  open  and  surveying  operations  less  difficult. 

After  passing  the  Okinokane  river,  which  is  the  lowest  line  of  the 
great  valley  between  the  Cascade  and  the  Rocky  mountains,  the  country 
again  becomes  rough  and  the  timber  more  dense,  but  less  so  than  the 
western  slope  of  the  Cascade  mountains. 

It  being  impossible  to  follow  the  49th  parallel  continuously,  tht 
line  of  survey  was  carried  over  the  nearest  practicable  route  for  a 
pack  trail,  connecting  each  astronomical  station,  making  a  total  length 
of  line  of  survey  of  about  800  miles.  Afironomical  stations  were 
established  by  parties  of  the  joint  commission  at  almost  every  acces- 
sible point  from  which  the  boundary  line  is  ascertained,  and  marked 
by  a  vista  across  all  valleys  and  trails,  where  rough  stone  monuments 
were  erected  over  posts  buried  in  the  ground  to  indicate  the  exact 
line. 


76 


N<UiTHWESTp:itN    HOI^NDAUY    OK    UNITED    STATES.      [nru.iTi 


Th(^  rpcoiinais.siincc  woi'k  (>xten(ls  over  iin  area  of  about  80,(»()o 
8quan>,  miles.  Within  this  spaco  thf^  baroiiictrlcal  h('lj»'hts  of  over  800 
points  have  loen  ohtainod. 

A  inaj^nietlc  survey,  oxtendirij^  over  a  ranj^e  of  IV  20'  in  latitude  and 
4'   in  l()ii<(itud(%  with  the  necossir  y  ol)servations  of  the  magnetic  elo 
nients  of  the  astronouiical  stations,  was  also  made. 

The  entire  length  of  the  land  boundary  line  is  over  iP  in  longitude, 
or  a])out  410  miles,  ajid  the  length  of  the  route  traveled  in  surveying 
it  is  double  that  distance.  Trails  had  to  be  opened  for  three-fourths 
of  the  distance  traveled,  involving  great  la))or  in  cutting,  grading, 
and  l)ridging  to  make  the  routes  practicable  for  pack-mule  transpor- 
tation. The  water-courses  weie  numerous  and  rapid,  rendering  the 
fords  frequent  and  dangerous;  and  a  slight  rise  of  many  of  the  streams 
would  ha\-e  made  them  impassable  ])ut  for  the  timely  precaution  of 
building  l»ridges  at  small  streams  and  ferry  boats  at  the  river  cross- 
ing.s.  Manj'  of  the  trails  opened  are  now  traveled  routes  to  the 
mines  then  and  sincte  discovered,  which  are  rapidly  developing  that 
section  of  the  country,  whcn'c  almost  every  valley  of  any  extent  aflford,*- 
facilities  for  agricultural  pursuits. 

In  collating  the  results  of  the  survey  reports  upon  the  geology, 
botany,  and  natural  history  of  the  country  reconnoiterod  were  pre 
pared,  and  complet«'  maps,  on  a  large  scale,  made  of  the  entire  boundar\ 
and  the  adjacent  country.  A  general  map  has  also  been  made,  show 
ing  the  extent  of  the  country  traversrsd.  And  to  facilitate  the  survey 
of  the  public  lands,  photographic  duplicates  of  the  detailed  sheets, 
showing  each  monument  on  the  boundary  line^  with  its  geographical 
position,  were  furnished  to  the  General  Land  Office.  Photogi'aphic 
duplicates  of  the  detailed  sheets  of  the  water  boundaiy  have  also  been 
made  and  furnished  the  Department  of  State  in  illustration  of  the 
question  of  the  boundary  channel. 

1  have  the  honor  to  be,  very  respectfully,  your  obedient  servant, 

Archibald  Campbell, 
Coin  missioned'  Northwest  Boundary  Survey, 

Hon,  William  H.  Seward, 

Secretary  of  State. 


\ 


liv4 

SI'CIl' 

ottici 

plain 

CdinmiH 

nrit 

Nor 

('(Mirilii 

Ciistot 

CustiT, 

t<>l" 

D<)'>lilt 

Httlt 

ICU'vii 

Kxin'i 

»r 

KiiHsil'- 

Giirdii 

111' 

If 

I" 
(U'lini 
(ii'oli 

1. 
Cill. 

Uuu 


Uar 


|i..  in. 

'  80(» 

and 
olo 


[udo. 
fyino' 
irths 
linfr. 

■ipor- 

thc 

lesinis 

bn  of 

•ros.s- 

tlK> 

that 
fords 


1  V  1 1  E  X  . 


Alil«'ii,,I.M.,arlist (U 

left  field 17 

ski'tclics  nmdo  by I'lli 

Astroiiiiincr,  Aiiicricnii II 

a.ssistiiiit l;! 

Bri  t  ish 15 

Boumliiry,  iinrtlnvc-t.ilflincil u,l:f 

Buchiiiiiiii,.I.,iiK<'iit  fur  ''iiitcil  Stalls i:! 

CaniptK'U,  A.,  iiiiixjiiiliMl  (■(iniinissidtiiT  of 

NdrtluTii  Honmlary  Cominissioii 11 

ai>p<iiiiti'(l  coninussionor  of  Northwest 

I'oniiflary  Commission VS 

•licrt 12 

k'flflflil 17 

k'ttiThy,  made  use  of 10,11 

text  of  letter 7'.'. 

pajHT  in  final  report 11 

I'lerk  of  eomspi'-sioti  appoiiiteil 11 

Coast  Surv -y  I  o  aerates 14 

('ommis';ioi'.,I{riti.-h,i)()wers  of 15 

Coniiiission,  Northern  Honmlary, created..  11 

111  .it  meeting  of  joint 15 

Heeoiid  meetinf  of  joint 15 

oniceof 17 

plan.s  for  work  ( f. .. : 15 

Commissioner,  Amert'an 14 

Uritisli 16 

Northern  lionndaiv  Commission 1] 

C<M>rdinates,  tables  of. 1!M,  12>) 

Cost  of  Survey  to  Uliitt  1  States '. 18 

Custer,  II. ,  left  field 17 

topograplier It 

Doolittle,C.  L.,  acknowledgments  to ];! 

stalen)ent  regarding  report  of  commis- 
sion    12 

Klevations,  tables  of 42-57 

K.xpenses,  American 18 

Hritish  19 

P'ossils,  svork  on (11,  ti;! 

(j!ardner,( i.e., acknowledgments  to 12 

appoiiitcil  assistant  astronomer 13 

left  field 17 

paper  in  final  report 11 

Geographic  coordinate.H 27 

(ieologist,servici'  of II 

Gil)bM,(;., geologist  and  interiireter 14 

left  field 17 

Olll, T.,  acknowledgments  lo 13 

(i'dde,servieeHof 14 

Hawkins,  J.  S.,  commissioni'r  for  (ireat  Hrlt- 

ain,  arrived 15 

Harris, . I.  S.,ackiiowledgmuutH  to 12 


rage. 
Harris,  .|.  s.,  appoiiiinl    iissistnnl   surgeon 

and  naturalist 14 

left  field 17 

pajHT  in  final  rc,iort   .   II 

Herbs!,'!'.,  toi>ograi  her 14 

Indian  names .';S-(ii 

Inl('ri)reter, ser'  ices  of 14 

Ivennerly,C.  15.  H..  surgeon  .-u id  naturalist. .  II 

King,J.  N.inuartermastcr 14 

Line  established 13 

r,ocalion   and   longitudes  of    monuiricuts, 

tables ;«>-39 

Magnetics,  tables  of I()-12 

Major,  ,T.. I.,  clerk  of  com  mission 14 

leftfiehl 17 

.Maps,  Knglish 25, 20 

American, dctailecl  description  of I'.l-25 

copies  in  Lil)rary  of  Congress 23 

copies  in  (Uneral  Land  Ollice 23 

Meek,  F.  U.,  work  on  fossils (i2 

Messn,^  ■  of  I'rcsidcnt  .lolmson  referred  to..  10 

Moninncnt  at  I'oinI  Roberts,  cost  of 19 

Monuments,  Anu'riean  anci   Hritish,  tables 

of  location  and  Icaigitudcs  of ;;()-;!9 

Names,  Indian 5S-(')1 

Naturalist,  service  of 14 

Newberry,  .T.S.,  report  on  fos-sils  referred  to.  63 

Northwest  boundary,  definition  of 9,13 

oniceof  connnission  in  Washingloii 17 

l'akeidiam,K.,ageTit  for(ireat  Urilain 13 

I'aliiser.,1.,  survey  by 19 

rarke,.I.G., acknowledgments  to 12 

appointed  chief  astronomer 13 

left  field 17 

paper  ;)y,  in  final  report 11 

report  of  progress 10 

text  of  report ()6 

summary  of  work  of,  ls.«9 l(i 

I'eabody,  K.  V.,  guide 14 

riinnper,  Hritish  vessel 15 

Point  Roberts,  cost  of  moiunnent  at 19 

I'revost,.I.C.,  Hritish  comnds.sioin'r 15 

liiuirternnisler,  service  of 14 

Report  of  Honndary  Coiiimission, a  descri))- 

tion  of IO,U 

called  for  by  Senate 11 

information  regarding 12 

not  found 10 

not  published 17 

notices  of 11 

reason  for  nonpublicalioii 18 

Uiehards, d.  H.,  Hritish  astronomer 15 

77 


7K 


INDEX. 


Page. 

SiUitllitc,  British  v.-sscl 15 

Scicritilic  ropdrts •'1 

HcfTftii ry  of  coiiiiuissiim T 

Siukli'V,  (1.,  P"!"-'"  "'".  ri'f<'rrc(l  I" i« 

Siir;;(><>n  iiiul  naturalist  appniiitcil 1 1 

Siirvoy  of  iinrtliwest  boimdary,  cost  of,  to 

United  States '|J 

liislory  of I'^'l' 

TopoKrapluTS ^* 

Treaty  l)etween    I'nited  Slates  and  Great 

Britain,  first  article  of 1^ 

Vessels,  American 1* 


Page. 

Vessels,  Hritisli '  ' 

Warren,  W.  J.. aeknowlednments  to U 


if  eomniission. 


II 
17 


appointed  secretary 

left  field 

Water  boundary,  arbitration  before  William 

I  of  Germany •' 

WluH'ler,  G.  M.,  extract  from  report 1 1 

report  made  use  of '" 

William  I  of  Germany,  arbiter  of   water 

boundary '■' 

Wurdemann,  information  from 1^* 

left  field '" 


o 


Tlu  statuti 

following'  pr 

'•Tlicpiibl 

aiulocdiiomi 

iindoiMiiK'iiii 

sliallaccoiiil 

of  said  Surv 

wise  ill  "I'di 

awl  for  sail) 

sball  bo  till 

money  re'sii 

States." 

Except  ii 
to  tlie  Sill" 
otViee  lias  ii 


I.  First 
Imap.— -^ 

II.  Sdci) 
8°.    Iv,  5t 

III.  Th 
go.    xviii 

IV.  Foi 
8°.    XXX' 

V.  t'ifl 
so.    XXX 

VI.  Si 
8°.    xxi: 

VII.  ^ 
8".    XX, 

VIII. 

8t'.     2  1 

IX.  > 

8".    xii 

X.  T 

8'\     ■•■ 

M. 

8\     - ' 

XII. 

«\   'J 
xn 

isfi;). 
\i> 

i8oa. 

XV 

i8or.. 
xv 

WflU 
junpt 


^v  J)  \'  }<  wr  1  s  h:  M  h]  X  T. 

Ihullcliii  174.1 


The  .stilt  nil)  iipiirKVcd  March  '.i.  l«7!l,  cHliililisliini;  llii'  I'liitiil  Sliiirs  ( icdioyiciil  Siirvi'v.  roiiUiiiiH  I  lie 
following;  proviaioii.s: 

''The  |ml)li(>ati()n.sol'  the  tii'idojriciil  .Siiivcy  mIimH  cDii.sisl  nl'  I  lir  .mmial  r<|)i>ri  uropiTat  imi.t,  ;;i)i»h){;ical 
aiiilocDiiomiir  iiia|i.H  illu.stialiin;  tlic  rcsouiccs  ami  cliis.silicalinii  nl'  I  hi'  hind.-*,  ami  i(']iipil.s  uimpii  y:i'in'ral 
aiidocoiiiiiiiic  u;(Mih)j;y  ami  palcdiildlDiiy.  Thi'  annual  rciidi't  ol'  dpiTatidns  of  the  tii'dldi;iial  .Survey 
•shall  .KTdnipany  Ihr  annual  ri']iiirl,  ol'  thi^  Sccrrtarv  of  thd  Inli'ridr.  \\\  .special  nicnioir.s  and  rcportH 
ol' said  .Survey  .shall  he  issued  in  iinilorni  <iMarlo  .series  if  deemed  necessary  hy  the  Direitor,  hutother- 
wisi'lii  ordinary  octavos.  Three  thousand  copicH  of  eacli  shall  he  published  for  sitieiitiflii  exe.lniii!;i!H 
and  for  sale  at  tlie  prion  of  piiblicatimi :  and  all  literary  and  ciirld;;iaphic.  nnite  rials  received  inexclian!;e 
sliall  Ite  the  jiroperty  of  Ihii  United  States  and  form  a  part  of  the  library  of  the  or;j[anization  ;  and  the 
mont'y  rcsultinLC  from  the  sale  of  such  luiblications  shall  be  covered  into  the  Treasury  of  the  ITiiiteil 
States." 

Except  in  those  ca.ses  in  which  an  e.\lra  niiuil)er  of  any  special  mi  inoir  or  i^ejiort  has  been  supplieil 
to  the  Surxey  by  resolution  of  (,'ongress  or  has  been  ordered  by  the  Secretary  of  the  Jiiterior,  IhiH 
ollice  has  no  <o))ies  for  gratuitous  ilistribiition. 

ANNUAL  KEPOKTS. 

I.  First  .V  anual  Ui^port  of  the  United  States  ( ieolojjical  Survey,  by  (Marence  Kiuj;.  18H0.  H^.  7!t  pp. 
1  tnaj).  -.V  preliminary  report  describing;  |)lan  of  ori^anizalion  and  publications. 

II.  Second  .Vnnual  Report  of  the  United  States  Cieologieal  Survey,  l.SHO-'SI.  by  .1.  W.  I'owell.  1H8'.'. 
8°.    Iv,  588  pp.     tJ2i)l.     1  map. 

III.  Third  Annual  Report  of  the  United  States  (ieolo;ri,;al  Survey,  18Hl-'82,  by.!.  W.  I'owell.  1883. 
8'^.    xviii,  564  pp.     (57  id.  and  nnii>s. 

IV.  Fourth  .Vnnual  Iteportof  the  United  States  (ieolocical  Survey,  18,S2-'K;t,  by  .T.  \V.  I'owell.  I.-;k4. 
8°.    xxxii,  47.'l  jip.     85  ])1.  and  nnips. 

V.  Fifth  .\nnual  Report  of  the  United  Slates  (leolonical  Survey.  I8HH-'H4,  by  •!.  W.  I'owell.  l.ShS. 
8^'.    xxxvi,  40!)  pp.     58  pi.  and  maiis. 

VI.  Sixth  Annual  Report  of  the  United  States  (ieoloKical  Survey,  1884-'85,  by  J.  W.  I'owell.  lsH5. 
8°.    xxix,  570  pp.    t)5  pi.  and  imii)s. 

VII.  Seventh  .Vnnual  Reporl  of  the  United  Slati'S  (ieoloi;ical  Survey,  I.S8.'')-'8(),  by  .1 .  \V.  I'owell.  1,-IS8. 
8".    XX.  ().")()  pp.     71  pi.  and  maps. 

VIII.  Eij{litli  .Vnnual  Report  of  the  United  States  (leolonical  Survey,  lss(i-'H7,  by  .1.  \V.  I'owell.  1.-I81I. 
8-'.     L'pt.     xix,  474,  xii  pp..  .'i:!  [d.   ind  n.'aps:    1  p.  1.,  47.'i   H)(i:i  pp.    54  70  pi.  ami  maps. 

IX.  Ninth  .Vnnual  Report  of  the  United  Slates  lieolojiical  Survey,  l887-'88,  by  .1.  \V.  I'owell.  18H!). 
8".    xiii,  717  pp.     8.-<  pi.  ami  mai)s. 

X.  Tenth  Annual  Report  (if  the  Uniteil  Stales  ( leoloirical  Siir\e.\,  Is.s.s-'.-Jii,  by, J.  W.  I'dwrll  I8!»0. 
8".     1!  lit.     XV,  774  pp.,  08  pi.  and  maps;  viii.  r.';i  pp. 

XI.  Klevelith  .Vnnual  Reporl  of  the  UnitedSlates  (ii>olo;;ic,il  Survey.  I.S8'.l  ''.Ml,  by  .1 .  W  .  I'uwi  II  I8!ll. 
8  .     'Jpt.     XV.  757  pp.,  00  pi.  and  maps;  ix,  li'il  pp.,  ;iO  pi. 

XU.  Twelfth  .Vnnu;il  Reporl  of  the  United  St;iles  (ieiilo!;ic;il  .suive\,  181ll)-'!)l,  l.y  •!.  W.  1'o\m'I1.  I.siM. 
8'.     L'pt.     xiii,  075  pp.,  ;").'!  pi.  ;ind  maps ;  xviii,  570  pp.,  140  pi   and  maps. 

XIII.  Tliirteenlli  .Viinu:il  Reporl  of  the  United  States  (ieolo  ;iciil  Survey,  18!)1-''.)J,  by  .1.  W  .  i'owell. 
1803.    8".    apt,     vii,  210  pp., '2  imips;  x,  371,' pp.,  105  pi.  and  maps;  xi,  480  pp.,  77  pi.  and  maps. 

XIV.  Fourteenth  .Vnnual  Reportof  the  United  .Stales  (Jeolnuical  Survey,  180'.'-'!i:),  by, I.  '.V.  I'nwoll. 
1803.    8°'.     2  pt.     vi,  liL'l  pp.,  I  pi. ;  XX,  507  pp.,  74  pi. 

XV.  Fifteenth  Annual  Repml  of  tlie  Ui.ited  St;iles  (ieol,.nieal  Survey,  I.s!t:i-'1I4,  li\  .1.  \V.  I' .  veil. 
180£.    8".     xiv,  7.55  pp.     18  pi. 

.\\'I.  .Sixteenth  ,\niiu;il  Report  of  the  United  Stutcs  i  vdloiricd  Survey.  1804  '!I5,  Charlies  1). 
Walcolt  Dirrelc".  KSlln.  (!';nt  I,  l«IO.)  H  .  4pl.  xxii,  010  pp.,  1 17  pi.  and  ma|is:  xix,  .'i08  pp.,  4:1  pi.  anil 
Uiiips;  xr,  (UO  ]>p.,  'j:i  ]il.-  Nix,  7:j5  pp.,  0  pi. 


ft 


II 


AUVEKTISEMENT. 


XVII.  Hcvrntcciilli  Aiiiniiil  Knpoit  of  tlii'  liiilftl  Slalcn  ( iccilnijicul  Surviv\ ,  l*l')-'!i(i,  (Jliarlrs  I). 
Wiilc.olt,  Uiirclor.  IHlMi.  H  .  :!  jil.  in  t  vol.  .\xii,  InTO  iip.,  (i7  pi.  and  tnaiiH;  xnv.  St;i  pi).,  li:t  i>l,  :iii,| 
iiiiipH;  xxiii,r>41'  pp.,  8  pi.  iiiiil  luap.s;  lii.  ,'i4:i  105K  iiji.,  !l-l:i  ))1. 

X'VIII.  Ki;;lile(!iilli  .\iiinial  Itrpoil  ol'tlio  ITnilid  Stali'.s  (i(Milo;,'i(al  Snivi;^,  ISUli- llT,  Cliarlcs  I>. 
Wal<nU,l)irirtor.  IrtitT.  (Parts  Hand  1 1 1.lKOrt.)  8'.  "j  jit.  wMivol.  4IOpii.,  1  pl.andni.ips;  v.  (i.V;  pp  , 
10.'>  pi.  and  niap.s;  \ ,  sGl  pp.,  118  jd. and  maps;  x.TSOiip.,  lOJ  pl.and  niajis;  xii,  ()4'J  pp.,  1  jil.;  fUii  1401)  pp. 

XIX.  Ninrtocnili  .Vnnual  Ui'port  of  tlio  rnlti'd  Stales  Go<il<>i;i(al  Survey.  I8it7-'!I8,  Cliarles  1). 
Wttlcott,  Director.  18i)8.  (  Parts  II,  II  I.  and  V,180i).)  H\  (i  pt.  in  7  vol.  422  pp., 'J  maps;  v.  !).VS  jip  , 
172  ))1.  and  maps;  v,78r)  pp.,0!)  pi.  and  inaiis;  viii,814  pp..  118  pi. and  maps;  xvii.400  pp.,  110  pi. an! 
maps;  viii,  G.ll  ])p.,  11  pi.;  viii,  7ii(i  |ip. 

XX.  Twentioth  Viinnal  Ucport  of  the  United  States  (ieolofjieal  Survoy,  18!)8-!I9,  Charle.s  I).  Wal 
colt,  Director.  IHOO.'  (Parts  II,  HI,  IV,  V.  and  VII,  1900.)  8\  7  pt.  in  8  vid.  r)51  pp.;  2  maps;  v, 
95lt  pp.,  19:)  pi.  and  maps;  v,  .ig.")  pp.,  78  pi.  and  maps;  vii,  GOO  pp.,  7!>  id.  and  iiia])s;  xix,  498  pp.,  iry.) 
pi.  and  limps ;  viii,  CIC  p'j). ;  xi,  8ul  pp.,  1  pi. ;  v,  509  pp.,  ;)8  j)!.  and  maps. 

MONOGIi.VPHS. 

I.  Lakolionnoville,  by  (Jrovo  Karl  (iilbort.    1890.    4'.     xx,  4:i8  pp.    51  pi.     I  map.     Price  .* l..")0. 

II.  Tertiary  History  of  the  (irand  Canon  District,  with  Atlas,  l)y  Olarenco  E.  Dutton,  Capt.  U.  S.  A. 
1882.    4°.     xiv,  2G4i>p.     42  pi.  and  atlas  of  24  sheets  folio.     Price .$10.00. 

III.  (joolojiy  of  tlui  Comstock  Lode  and  the  Waslioe  District,  with  Atlas,  by  fleorj^o  F.  Ueoker.  1882. 
4°.    XV,  422  pp.     7  pi.  and  atlas  of  21  sheets  folio.     Pri<ui  $11.00. 

IV'.  Comstock  Minin;f  and  Miners,  by  Kliot  Lord.     1883.     4'^.     xiv,  451  pp.     ;i  pi.     Price  $1.50. 

V.  Tlie  Copper- Hearinf;  Hocks  of  Lake  Sniierior,  by  Roland  Diier  Irving.  188;).  4°.  xvi,  4G4  i>p. 
15  1.    29  pi.  and  maps.     Price  $1.85. 

VI.  Contributions  to  the  ICimwledgo  of  the  Older  Mesozoio  Klora  of  Virginia,  by  William  Morris 
Fontaine,    1883.    4°.     xi,  144  pp.    54  1.     54  pi.    Prico$1.05. 

VII.  Silver-Lead  Deposits  of  Kuroka,  Nevada,  by  Jo.soph  Story  Curtis.  1884.  -4°.  xiii,  200  i>p.  10 
pi.    Price .$1.20. 

VIII.  Paleontology  of  the  Eureka  District,  by  Charles  Doolittlo  Walcott.  1884.  i°.  xiii,  298  pp. 
24  1.    24  pi.     lVice.$1.10. 

IX.  IJrachiopoda  and  Lamellibrauchiata  of  the  Uaritan  Clays  and  Greeusaud  Marls  of  New  Jersey, 
by  UobertP.  Whittield.     1885.     4°.    xx,  338  pp.     35  pi.     1  map.     Price  $1.15. 

X.  Diuocerata.  A  Monograph  of  an  Extinct  Order  of  Gigantic  Mamnuils,  by  Othniel  Charles  Marsh. 
1880.    4°.    xviii,  243  pp.    5G 1.    50  pi.     Price  $2.70. 

XI.  Geological  History  of  Lake  Lahontan,  a  Quaternary  Lake  of  Northwt^stern  Nevada,  by  Israel 
Co<d;  Ilussell.    1885.    4".     xiv,  288  pp.    46  pi.  and  maps.    Prici!  $1.'»5. 

XII.  Geology  and  Miidng  Industry  of  Leailville,  ("olorado,  with  A  Has,  by  Samuel  Frankliu  Emmons. 
188G.    4°.    xxix,  770  pp.     45  pi.  and  atlas  of  35  sheets  iblio.     Price  .$8.40. 

XIII.  Geology  at'  th<!  tjuicksilver  Dejjosits  of  the  Pacitic  Slope,  with  Atlas,  by  George  F.  Becker. 
1888.    4°.    xix,  480  pp     7  pi.  and  atlas  of  14  sheets  folio.     Price  $2.00. 

XIV.  Fossil  Fishes  and  Fossil  Plants  of  the  Triassic  Uocks  of  New  Jersey  and  the  Connecticut  Val- 
ley, by  John  S.  Newberry.     1888.    4°.     xiv,  152  pp.    20  pi.     Price  $1.00. 

XV.  The  Potoma(!  or  Younger  Meso/.oic  Flora,  by  William  Morris  Fontaine.  1889.  4°.  xiv,  377 
p]).     180  pi.     Text  an<l  plates  bound  separately.     Price  .$2.50. 

XVI.  The  I'aleo/.oic  Fishes  of  N(jrtli  .Vnu'rica,  Ity  John  Strong  Newberry.  1889.  4".  340  pp.  53  pi. 
rri<e.$1.00. 

XVII.  The  Flora  of  the  Dakota  Group,  a  Posthumous  Work,  by  L(!o  Lesquereux.  Edited  by  F  H. 
Knowlteii.     1891.     i<^.    400  pp.     00  pi.     Price$1.10. 

XVIII.  Gasteropoda  ami  Cephalopoda  of  the  Kaiitan  (Uays  and  <ireeMsand  Marls  of  New  Jersey, 
by  Kcdierl  P.  Whitli.lcl.     1891.     4.     402  pp.     .51  )d.     Price$1.00. 

XIX.  Tin'  I'enoUee  Iron  Hearing  Series  of  Norllurn  Wisconsin  and  Miiddgan,  by  Kidand  1).  Irving 
and  ('.  I!.  Van  Ilisc.     1K92.    4\     xi\,  ."illl  j)p.    :i7  id.     Priee$1.7il. 

XX.  Geology  of  the  Kureka  District,  Ni'vada,  with  ,\tlas,  by  .\rnolil  Hague.  1892.  4>'.  xvii,  419  jip. 
8  |)l.      Price,$5.2.">. 

XXI.  The  Tertiai'.v  Kliynchophorous  <,'ol(!»ptyra  of  Norlli  .\in(Miea,  by  .Samuel  Hubbard  .Seiulder. 
1891,.    4   .     xi,  200  jip.     iHj.l.     I'rif.' '..(1  cents. 

XXII.  .V  Jilanual  ol"l'opiigraphieM(;thods,  by  Henry  (iaunell,  Chii'f  ropcmrapber,  18".(;i.  4  .  xiv. 
3(.0pp.     ispl.     Price  $1.(1(1. 

XXJII.  (Jeology  <if  the  (rrtren  Mounhiins  in  .Ma,ss;ichusetls,  by  liaplniel  Pumpelly,  .1.  K.  Widlf, 
and  T.  Xelson  Dale,     isiti.     I   .     \iv.  JiMipp.     23  pi.     Pi  ire  $l.;i(i. 

XXIV.  MoUusea  iu(d  Cr((slaceaof  the  Mhicene  Fonnations  of  New  Jersey,  1>«  Robert  Parr  Whilliold, 
1894.    4'^.     195  pp.     24  pi.     Price  90  cents. 

XXV.  The  G'l»<rial  Lake  .Vgassiz,  by  Warren  Upham.     1895.    4'3.     xxiv,  G.")8  pp.    .38  pi.     Price  $1.70. 

XXVI.  Flora  of  the  .Vmboy  Clays,  by  John  Strong  Newberry;  a  PostlKOnous  Work,  fwlitttd  by 
Artlinr  Hidlick.     I8tir..     I   .    200  pp.     ."i8  pi.     Price$l.oo. 

X.Wlt.  (ieology  iif  the  llt^nver  Hasin  CcdoHddo,  by  ij,  F.  buiiutiuit  Wliituiuii  CroM,  ami  GuorgeH. 
Eldrfdae.     189«      4       550  pp.     31  i)l.     I'nv,e$1.5«. 


XXVIII.  The 

S.  Hayley,  inchn 
and  atlas  of  39  s 

XXIX.  Geolo 
Hampden  Coun 

XXX.  Fossil 

XXXI.  Oeolc 
4^.    XXXV.  200  1 

XXXII.  Geo 
Paleontidogy,  b 
Stanton,  and  F. 

XXXIII.  Ge 
Foerste.    1899. 

XXXIV.  Til 
4°.    xiii,  499  pi 

XXXV.  The 
Hollick.    1898. 

XXXVI.  Tl] 
Lloyd  Smyth; 
duction  by  Chi 

XXXVII.  F 
467  pp.    73  pi. 

XXXVIII. 

XXXIX.  T 
of  a  Few  Doul 
$1.10. 

XL.  Adeph 
Descriptions 
Coleoptera  of 
Inprepaiatio 

—  Flora  of 


1.  On  Hype 

Geological  S 
cents. 


an 

hoi 

,t 


•at 


,;el 


2.  Gold 
conipnted 

3.  On  th 
New  York 

4.  On  Ml 

5.  A  Dii 
Price  20  ce 

0.  Elev 
7.  Map* 
17.52-1881, 
8°.    184  p 

X.  On  Sc( 
Van  Hist 

9.  A  1 
Clarke,  C 

10.  On  t 
1884.    8°. 

11.  On 
by  R.  Ell 
Gilbert. 

12.  A  < 
34  pp. 

13.  Bo\i 
SI- etch' 

14.  Til 
Stnnihul 

15.  On 
Price  5 

10.  Oi 
80pi' 


ADVERTISKMKNT. 


Ill 


I  lis    ll. 

■'l..,,.! 

|rl<'s  II. 
li.>i|.p,, 
l-100|,|,. 

|1<'S  1). 
I.-H  |.|,  , 

[lll.Mlhl 

J<.  W.il 
fills :  \; 
1>1).,  i.j!l 


I'lO. 

ks.A. 

I-     1882. 


XXVIII.  Tlie  Marquette  Iron  I!i':iriii!,'  Di.strii  t  of  Miilii^iiii,  wiili  Atlas.  It.v  (".  It.  \'iiii  IliseiiiKl  W. 
S.  I$a,vlt'y,  iiiclilding  a  <  liapti  r  (111  the  llepulilie  Tioii;;!!,  by  II.  I,.  Siu.vtli.  IKil".  I  (iiW  |ip.  a.'i  pi. 
and  atliis  of  39  »lieet«  (olio.     I'llce  ^^!.■).75. 

XXIX.  Gciilngy  of  Old  llaiiipsliire  ('ciiiiity,  ^Ias^^a^llllsetts,  coinpiisin;;  FraiiUliii,  llainp.sliire,  and 
I1aiii])deii  CouiitioH,  by  Beii.jaiiiin  Kendall  Kiiiei son.     IS9K.     4'.     xxi,  TOOpp.     .'!.'>  pi.     I'riee  .$l.iK). 

XXX.  Fossil  Mi'diLsa",  liy  Charles  DoolittU)  Ualcolt.     IhDH.     4^     i.\,  201  jip.     17  jil.     l'ri(  e  ^L.^O. 

XXXI.  Geology  of  the  Aspen  Mining  Distriet,  Coloiado.  with  Atlas,  liy  .losiah  Kdward  .'^pllrr.  1S!»8. 
4°.     XXXV,  200  lip.     4;i  pi.  and  atlas  of  30  sheot-;  folio.     Price  .$:(.liO. 

XXXII.  (ieology  of  the  Yellowstoiu' National  I'.irk,  I'arl  11.  Uescriplive  (ieology,  retrograpliv ,  and 
Paleontology,  by  Arnold  Hague,  J.  P.  hidings,  \V.  Ilarvoy  Weed.  Chai  lis  1).  Walt'ott.tr.  Il.Cirty.  T.  \V. 
Stanlon.andF.  H.  Knowlton.     1890.    4\     xvii,  80:i  pp.     121  pi.     Price  .$2.45. 

XXXIII.  (Jeology  of  the  Xurragansett  I'.asin,  by  X.  S.  .Shalor,  .1.  B.  Woodworth,  and  ,\ugust  V. 
FoiTHto.    1899.    40.     XX,  402  pp.    31  pi.     Price  $1. 

XXXIV.  Tbe  Glacial  Gravels  of  Maine  and  their  .Vssociated  Deposits,  by  George  II.  Stone.  1809. 
4°.    xiii,  499  pp.    j2  pi.    Price  $1.30. 

XXXV.  The  Latter  Extinct  Floras  of  North  America,  liy  John  Strong  Newberry;  edited  liy  Arthur 
Hollick.     1898.    40.     xviii,  29,')  pp.     08  pi      Price  .$1.23. 

XXXVI.  The  Crystal  I'alls  Iron-Hearing  District  of  Michigan,  b,y  J.  Morgan  Clements  and  Henry 
Lloyd  Smyth;  with  Ji Chapter 011  the  Sturgeon  RiviT Tongue,  by  Willi;im  Shirley  Bayley,  and  an  Intro- 
duction by  Charles  IMcbard  Van  Rise.     1809.     4'.     xxxvi,  .IPi  jip.     .")3  1)1.     Price  $2. 

XXXVII.  Fossil  Flora  of  the  Lower  Coal  Measures  of  Missouri,  by  David  White.  1809.  I  .  xi, 
407  pp.    73  pi.     Price  .$1.25. 

XXXVIII.  The  Illinois  Glacial  Lobe,  by  Frank  Leverett.    1899.    4^.    xxi,  817  pp.    24  pi.    Price  $1.00. 

XXXIX.  The  Eocene  and  Lower  Oligocene  Coral  Faunas  of  the  I'nited  States,  with  Deacriptions  of 
of  a  Few  Doubtfully  Cretaceous  Species,  by  T,  Wayland  Vaughan.  19U0.  4^.  263  pp.  21  id.  Price 
$1.10. 

XL.  Adephagous  and  Clavicorn  Coleoptera  from  the  Tertiary  Deposits  at  Florissant,  Colorado,  with 
Descriptions  of  a  Few  Other  Forms  and  a  Sy.stematic  Li.st  of  the  XonUliyii<'o])liorous  Tertiary 
Coleoptera  of  Nortli  America,  by  Samuel  Hubbard  Scudder.  1000.  4".  148  i)p.  11  pi.  Price  80  cents. 
In  preparation : 

—  Flora  of  the  Laramie  and  Allied  Formations,  by  Frank  Hall  Knowlton. 


BULLETINS. 


1.  On  Hypersthene-Andesiteand  on  Triclinic  Pyroxent*  in  .\ugitie  Rocks,  by  WbtiaBan  Crons,  wilfc  n 
Geological  Sketch  of  Buffalo  Peaks,  Cohirado,  by  S.  F.  Km-nons.  1883.  80.  42  |^.  2  pi.  Pmiee  10 
cents. 

2.  Gold  and  Silver  Conversion  Tables,  giving  the  1  Oiiiing  Value  of  Iroy  1  lunc*—  of  Kim^  M-H-.al.  -^^s., 
computed  by  Albert  Williams,  jr.     1883.    8^.    8  pp.     Price  7)  cenr.s. 

3.  OntheFossil  Faunas  of  tli(U'pper  Devonian,  along  the  Meridian  of  76°  30',  fr«n  Tompkins  <;«unty, 
New  York,  to  Bradford  Comitv,  Pennsylvania,  by  Hciir.v  S.  Williams.    1884.    8''     M  pp.    Price  5  cents. 

4.  On  Mesozoic  Fossils,  by  Charles  A.  White.     1884.    ii°.    36  pp.    0  pi.     "rici>  .  .wents. 

5.  A  Dictionary  of  Altitudes  ill  the  United  States,  cdiiipiled  by  Heiirv  1  iaiuieti .  1884.  S\  325  pp. 
Price  20  cents. 

(i.  Elevations  in  the  Dominion  of  Canada,  bv  •!.  W.  .Spencer.     1884.     h        43  pp.     Price  .^  onts 

7.  Mapoteca  Geologica  .Vmericaiia.  A  (.latalo^m^  ul  1  reological  .Maps  of  .Vi«««rica  (\-.»«lh  t>•t\^\  SduiIi) 
17,V2-1881,  in  (ieographic  :ind  Chronologic  Order,  by  Jule-  Marcou  and  .l«»*><i  Belkimp  MaiNmi.  1884. 
8°.    184  pp.     Price  10  cents. 

8.  On  Secondary  Enlargements  of  Mineral  Fragment-  in  Certain  Ki«  k«.  l>v  U  1>.  Ir  mg  and  ('.  R. 
VauHi.se.     1884.     S''.    ,")6  iip.     0  pi.     Price  10  cuts. 

0.  A  Keport  of  AVork  done  ill  the  Wasliiiiglon  r,ali(irat.iry  diiriii|{  l1»e  KiHoal  \' ear  1883  ■'4.  K  W. 
Clarke,  Chief  Chcmi.-.t.      T.  M.  Cliatanl,  .Assistant  Cli.nii.-i       '«-        *"•.     40  pp.     JVi.-    .^  cfH  ■» 

10.  On  the  ('ambrian  Faunas  (if  North  Anicrica.  I'reliiiuiit  -Mrtdies,  bi.  I'hm-les  P««»liril«-  W»lcott. 
1884.    8".    74  pp.     10  pi.     Price;')  cents 

11.  On  till!  (Jiiaternnry  and  Recent  MoUusca  of  the  Great  lVi«iu  with  DesiTi|M»n-,-- of  New  Kiknws, 
by  R.  Ellsworth  CJall.  Introduced  by  a  Sketch  of  the  Qiiatenui-v  L«kes  of  ttae  Gp<hiI  Basin,  by  (5.  K. 
(iilbert.     1884.     «'.    60  pp.     6  pi.     Price  ,''>  cell  1- 

12.  A  Crystallogiaphic  Study  of  Uw  Thiiiolit(^  of  Uak.  I^ili<intan.  in  Kdward  S.  l)an:i  !884.  *>. 
34  pp.     3  pi.     Price  5  cents. 

13.  Boundaries  of  the  United  Stiites  an>l  of  the  .-^cveral  StiU**  ;Mmi  Territories,  u  ,  ii  .i  HijrtarMari 
SI.  etch  of  the  Territorial  (Jliaiiges,  by  Henry  Gannett.-  1885.    >         <  '  Pp.    Pric(>  lOceiiis.     ( IC  \  haw!Ht«"H . ) 

14.  The  Klectric;il  ;iiiil  Magnetic  Properties  of  the  Iriiii  I  ;(i 'm;-(>t.s  by  Carl  Barns  am'  Tini*«» 
Stroiihal.     188.'>.     8-"'.     238  pp.     Price  15  eewts. 

15.  On  the  Mesozoic  ;iiid  (leiio/.oic  Paleontology  of  fall r(.riiia,  by  I'lnirles  A.  Whit.  1885.  »  53 -i^. 
Price  5  cents. 

10.  On  the  Higher  Devonian  I'':n(  ins  of  Ontario  < 'oiiii.  \ ,  Ne»    \>n':    bj   I     'u  M.  I  bii  ke.     li*fc      •< 
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Hull.  174 


-0 


- Jl 


IV 


ADVKRTISEMKNT. 


17.  On  l-li«  Dovtilopmuut  of  OyHtallizittiori  in  tliu  Ikik'-ouh  UockH  i>I'  WuhIidc.  Ncviitlii.  with  Noli'son 
ll)(>  (irolo^y  <>r  <lio  district,  by  Arnold  Jliijiue  and  JoHuph  1'.  Iildiuj;-*.  \SiiJ.  X-.  44  p|>.  I'ricc  "i 
centH. 

18.  On  Marino  Kocone,  FrosU- Water  Mioccni-,  iini!  Other  KohhiI  MdIIumcu  ot  \Vi\st«rn  North  Anicrii  ^ 
Jiy  (.'liarleH  .\.  Whit*.     1885.    8°.    2«  pp.    ,'!  pi.     I'rice  .'iccntH. 

19.  Notes  (HI  tho  SjtratiKrapliy  oC  California,  by  Uoorge  h\  Becker.  188.').  8^.  '.'8  pp.  I'riee  ."i  ci'in  .. 
(Kxliau.sted.) 

20.  (yontributions  to  the  Mineralojiy  of  the  Uoeky  UountainH,  by  Whitman  (/'ro.M.i  and  W.  F.  IIi!!i 
brand.     1885.     S'^.     114  pp.     1  pi.     J'riec  10  cents. 

21.  The  Li>;niteH  of  the  Great  Siou.v  ]te.>fer%-ation.  A  Keport  on  the  Uegion  between  the  (iranil  iin'l 
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22.  On  New  Cretaceous  Fossils  from  (California,  by  Charles  A.  White.  1885.  8^.  'J5  iip.  5  p! 
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23.  (Observations  on  tho  Junction  between  the  Kastern  Sandstone  and  the  Kewt^enaw  Series  im 
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21.  List  of  Marine  MoUiisca,  c<miprisinj{  the  (Quaternary  Fossils  and  Itecent  Forms  from  .\nieric;ai 
Localities  between  (Jai)e  Hatteras  and  (Jape  Ko(|ue,  ineludinj;  tho  liermudu.^,  by  William  Iloaly  Dall. 
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25.  The  Present 'reelinical  Omdition  of  the  Steel  Industry  of  the  United  States,  by  Phineas  ilurncs. 
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2H.  Copper  Snieltinj;,  by  Henry  M.  Howe.     1885.     8°.     107  pp.     Price  10  cents. 

27.  Report  of  Work  done  in  thi<  Division  of  Chemistry  and  Physics,  mainly  ihiriuf;  liio  Fiscal  Ve;ir 
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28.  Tho  Gabbros  and  Associated  Ilornbloude  Kocks  occurring  in  the  Neighborhood  of  Baltimore, 
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29.  On  tho  Fresh- Water  Invertebrates  of  the  North  American  Jurassic,  by  Charles  A.  White.  1880. 
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30.  Second  (Jontribution  to  the  Studies  on  tho  (Jambrian  Faunas  of  North  Annirica,  by  (Jliarles  Don. 
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31.  Systematic  Keviow  of  our  Present  Knowledffe  of  Fossil  Insects,  including  Myriapods  and  Aracli 
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32.  Lists  and  Analyses  of  the  Mineral  Springs  of  the  United  States:  (a  Preliminary  Study),  by  Albeit 
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33.  Notes  ou  the  Geolo-iy  of  Northern  (.'alifornia,  by  J.  S.  Diller.     1886.     8  .     2:i  pp.     Price  5  cents. 

34.  On  the  Itelation  of  tlie  Laramie  Molluscan  Fauna  to  that  of  the  Succ-etjding  FresliWater  Kocenc 
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36.  Physical  Proi)erties  of  (he  Iron-Carburets,  by  Carl  Barns  and  Vincent  Strouhal.  1880.  8'-'.  02 
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36.  Subsidence  of  Fine  Solid  I'artidcs  in  Li(iuids,  by  Carl  BaruH.     1886.     8'.     ,58  ]>p.     Price  10  cents. 

37.  Types  of  tlua.,aramie  Flora,  by  Lester  F.  Ward.     1887.     8^.     :!54  jip.     ,57  pi.     Price  25  cents. 

38.  Pcridotile  of  KlliottCouTity,  Kentucky,  by  .1.  S.  Diller.     1887.     8'.     31pp.     1  pi.     Price  5  cents. 

39.  The  Upi>cr  licaches  and  IJeltas  of  the  Glacial  Laki^  Agassi/.,  by  Warren  Fidiani.  1887.  8  '  84 
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40.  (Jhaugef  in  lliver  Courses  in  Washington  Territory  due  to  (ila<ialion.  by  liailey  Willis.  1887. 
8°.     10  pp.     4  pi.     Price  5  cents. 

41.  On  tiie  Fossil  Faunas  of  the  Upper  Devonian— the  (ienesee  Section.  N'ew  York,  by  Henry  S 
Williams.     1887.     8'^.     121  i)p.     4  pi.     Price  15  cents. 

42.  lieportof  Work  done  in  the  Division  of  (Jheniistry  and  Physics,  mainly  duriiii;  tlic  Fiscal  \  car 
188.5-'8(i.     I'\  W.  Clarke,  Chief  Chemist.     1887.     8^.     1.52  pp.     1  ;d.     I'ricc  15  cents. 

43.  Tertiary  and  ('retaci'ous  Strata  of  the  Tuscaloosa,  't'onibi^tlicc,  anil  .\labama  Uivcrs,  by  Kiigono 
A.  Smith  and  Lawrence  C.  Jobiisim.     1887.     8^.     180  pp.     21  |d.     I'ricc  15  cents 

44.  Bibliography  of  North  American  Geology  for  1880,  by  Nelson  H  Darton.  1887.  8°.  35  pp. 
Price  Scents. 

45.  Tho  Present  (Joudilion  of  Knowledge  of  the  (ieology  of  Te\as,  by  UolMTt  T.  Hill.  1887.  8".  01 
pp.     Price  10  cents. 

46.  N'aturo  and  Origin  of  Deposits  of  I'hos])liate  of  Lime,  by  U.  A.  F.  Piiirosc.  jr.,  with  an  Iniro 
ductiou  by  N.  S  .Slialer.     1888.     8^.     143  pp.     Price  15  ceuts. 

47.  .Analyses  of  Wateisof  tho  Yellowstone  National  Park,  with  .m  Account  of  the  Methods  ol 
Aualysiseniployed  by  Frank  Austin  Gooch  and  James  Edward  Wliittield.     1888.     8".     84  pp.      Price 

lOciJUtS. 

48.  On  tho  Form  and  Position  of  ilie  Sea  Level,  by  Uobert  Sim|tson  WomUv  i  J.  1888.  8"^.  88  jip. 
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40.  Latitudes  and  Longitudes  of  ('ei  tain  Points  in  Missouri.  Kansas,  and  New  Mexico,  by  Robert 
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50.  Formulas  and  fables  to  facilitate  ih<'  (Jonstructiou  and  Use  of  Hups,  by  Uobert  Slmpaou  Wood- 
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51.  Oil  tiivortebrntc  KossilH  fiuiii  till'  I'iicilit^  (,'ii;ist,  li.v  CharlcH  Aliialliac  \Vliil«>.  MrtU.  h-^.  111'.' pp. 
U  pi.     I'lici'  l.'i  ('('Ills. 

52.  Subui'niil  l)<Ma.v  ol'  Kocks  unci  (>ri;;iM  ot'  llio  IJcil  < 'olor  ol' (^jrliiiii  Korumlloiis,  liy  l8ri«>l  Cook 
UuH.sfll.     IHHO.     8\     (i.'i  pp.     '."ilil.      I'rii'K  lilcfiitH. 

53.  The  Goology  of  Nuutucket,  hy  Xiitliauiol  SoiUli;,'ali-  Slialcr.  1«8U.  «^.  55  pp.  10  pi.  Price  10 
cents. 

54.  On  tho  'riienno- Electric  Moiwuronient  of  IliKli  TKniiHTatiiri'!*,  liy  Carl  UHrim.  1889.  8°.  313  pp. 
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55.  Uupurt  of  Work  iloiio  iu  tlio  Division  of  dii;iui.4try  itinl  I'liysics.  mainly  diiriut;  tlio  iTisual  Vear 
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50.  Ko.s.-iil  Wood  and  Lijjuito  of  tlio  Potomac  l''oriiial  ion,  by  Frank  Hall  Kuowltou.  1889.  8°.  72  pp. 
7  pi.     Price  10  cents. 

57.  A  Geological  IvOCouuaisHanct)  ill  Soutliwcstcrn  Kunoas,  by  llobert  Uay.  1890.  8°.  49  pp.  'J  pi. 
Price  5  cents. 

58.  TlioOlacial  ISoiindaryin  Western  Ponnsylvania,  Oliio,  Kenlucky,  Imliaiiu,  audllliuoiH,  by (loorKe 
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Price  15  cents. 

59.  The  (Jabbros  and  Associated  Rock.s  in  l)ela\vart«,  by  Frodurick  I>.  (^'Iiustvr,  1890.  8°.  45  pp. 
1  pi.    Price  10  cents. 

60.  Report  of  Work  done  in  tlie  Division  of  Clieiiiistry  and  Physics,  mainly  diiiinj^  the  Fiscal  Vear 
1887-'«8.     F.  W.  Clarke,  Chief  Cheiiiist.     l8iK).    h-.     174  pp.     Price  15  <entH. 

61.  Contributions  to  the  Mineialojiy  of  the  Pacilic  (Joast,  by  William  Harlow  .Melville  and  Waldemar 
Lindgren.     1890.    8°.    40  ,>i>.     I!  pi.     Price  5  cents. 

62.  The  Greenstone .Sclii.^i  Areas  of  the  Menominee  and  Maniuetto  llegions  of  Michigan;  a  (contri- 
bution to  the  .Subject  of  Dynamic  Metamorphism  in  I'>ui>tive  Uocks,  by  Georjje  Iluiitiiij^ton  Williams; 
with  an  Introduction  by  Koland  Duer  Irvini;.     1890.    H'^.    241pp.     l(i  pi.     Price  ;tO  (tents. 

03.  A  iUbliography  of  Paleozoic  Crustacea  Irom  1098  to  1889,  includiiif;  a  List  of  North  American 
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15  cents. 

64.  A  report  of  Work  done  in  the  Division  of  (Jhemistry  and  Physics,  mainly  during  tli<>  Fiscal 
Year  1888-'89.     F.  W.  Clarke,  Chief  Chemist.     1890.    8.    <iO  pp.     Price  10  cents. 

65,  Stratigraphy  of  the  Bitmainous  Coal  Field  of  Pennsylvania,  Ohio,  and  AVest  Virginia,  by  Israel 
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C6.  On  a  Group  of  Volcanic  itocks  from  the  Tewan  Mouiitaiiis,  Now  Mexico,  and  on  the  Occurrence 
of  Primary  Quartz  in  Certain  Pasalts,  by  Joseph  Pa.xson  hidings.     IH90.    8°.    34  pp.    Pric(»  5  cents. 

67.  The  Uehiti(ms  of  the  Traps  of  the  Newark  System  in  the  Ntiw  Jersey  Itogion,  by  Nelson  Horatio 
Darton.    1890,    8°.    82  pp.     Price  10  ctints. 

68.  EartlKiuakes  iu  California  ill  1889,  by  James  Edward  Kceler.    1890.    S"'.    25  pp.    Price  5  (!«Bis. 

69.  A  Classed  and  Annotated  llibliography  of  Fossil  Insects,  by  Samuel  fliibbard  Sciidder.  1890. 
8°.    101pp.    Price  15  (tents. 

70.  Ueport  on  AstronouiieaJ  Work  of  1889  and  '.'.hi,  by  Itohert  Simpson  Woodward.  1890.  «  .  7»  pp. 
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71.  Index  to  the  Known  Fossil  Insects  of  the  World,  including  Myriapods  and  .Xiaeliiiids,  by  Samuel 
Hnhhnrd  Scudder.     1891.     S>.     744  pp.     Price  .50  <<tiils. 

72.  Altitudes  between  liake  Superior  and  tint  ilocky  .Mountains,  by  Warren  Cpfaam.  1891.  8'^. 
229  pp.     Price  20  cents. 

73.  The  \'iMcosity  of  Solids,  by  Carl  r.arus.     1891.    8.     xii.  139  pp.     liid.     Price  15  cents. 

74.  The  Minerals  of  North  (Carolina,  by  Frederick  Augustus  Genlli.  IWil.  f  .  110  pp.  Price  15 
cents. 

75.  Record  of  North  Anioricau  Getdogy  for  1887  to  1880,  inclusive  li\  Nelson  Horatio  Darton.  1891. 
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70.  A  Dictionary  of  Altitudes  in  tlie  United  .States  (Second  Edition),  itumpil'tl  iiy  Henry  (iannett, 
Cliiet  Topograiiher.     1891.    8°.    393  pi>,     Price  25  cents. 

77.  The  Texan  Permian  and  its  .Mesozoic  Types  ol  FosmiIh,  by  Charles  A.  White.  1891.  8"^.  51pp. 
4  pi.     Price  10  cents. 

78.  A  Ueport  of  Work  d"Ue  in  the  Division  of  Chemistry  and  Physics,  iiiaini  'luring  the  Fiscal 
Year  1889- 90,    F.  W.  Chuke,  Chief  ("heniist.     1891.    8.     131pp.    Price  15  cents. 

79.  A  Lute  Volcanic  Eruption  in  Northern  California  and  its  Peculiar  Lava,  by  J.  S.  Dillei.  1891. 
8"^.    33  pp.     17  pi.     Price  10  leats. 

80.  Correlation  Papers— D»/vonian  and  ('arhonifeious.  liy  Henry  Shaler  Williams.  1861.  8  279  pp. 
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81.  Correlation  Pipers— Caiubriaii    i)\   (Jliarles  Doolittle  Walcott.     1891.    8°.    447  pp.    3  pi.     Price 


82.  Correlation  I'apers—Crelaoi'ou"  by  Charles  .\.  White.     1891.    8.     273  pp.  3  pi.     Price  20  cents. 

83.  Correlation  Papers- Eocene  by  William  Bullock  Clark.    IH'Jl.    H' .    173  pp.  2  pi.    Price  16  cents. 

84.  Correlation  Papers— Neocene,  by  W.U.Dall  ,iud  G.D.llurris.    1892.    8^,  340  pp.    3  pi.    Price 
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VI 


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8").  Corri'liitioii  riiiMiri* — 'I'liti  Ncwiirk  SvMleiii.  Ii.v  iMriicI  (;o()k  l.'iiHSfll.     IH'.i2.     k\     :!44  pp.     i:;  p!. 
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86.  CoriTlatioii  I'apDrH— Arclieiin  ami   Algonkiaii,  liy  C   It.  \'afi   Uiso.     IH'.l^.     h  .     :i4i)  pp.     Il'  pi. 
I'ricc  25  ••fiitH. 

H7.  A  SynopNiH  nC  .Vnierlcan  FosHil  ISrachiopwln,  incliiilinK  JHltlioKnipli.v  uikI  Sytimiyiiiy,  liy  Cliarii-, 
S<  liiii'hcrt.     18'.»7.     K.    464  pj).     I'rir<' 'J.'i  (•<Mit». 

8H.  Tlio  Cndacemis  ForaniinilVra  of  Now  Jersey,  by  Kul'iis  Matlmr  HaK(;..ir.    IH'JS.    H  ■.    8i»  pp.     li  pi. 
Price  10  ceiitH. 

8i).  Some  Lava  FlowH  of  Mio  Western  Slope  of  the  Sierra  Nevada,  California,  by  F.  Leslie  ItuiiMiiiin 
1808.    8°.    7«pp-    11  pi.     Price  l.'i  leiitH. 

90.  A  Reporter  Work  (lon<*  in  tlie  Division  of  (Chemistry  Jiiid  I'liysics,  mainly  ilnrin^  llie  Fi.sc  al 
yearl81Xi-«)l.     F.  \V.  Clarke,  Cliief  Cliemist,     lf92.    8°.    77  pp.     Price  10  cents. 

91.  Kei'orddf  North  Ainericaiideology  for  189(', by  Nelson  Horatio  Durton.    18!)l.    8".     88  i)p.     l'ii(i. 
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92.  Tlie  Coini>ieHHihiiity  of  r,i<inids,  by  (^'lrl  Hams.     1892.    8°.    06  pp.     29  pi.     Price  10  (eiils. 

9;i.  Some  InHeets  of  Special  Inlcrc.-it  from   Florissant,  Colorado,  and  Other  Points  in  the  Tertiarics 
ofCoIorado  and  rtah,  by  Sanniel  Hubbard  Sciidder.     1892.    8°.    US  pp.     a  pi.     Price  .'>  cents. 

94.  The  Meebanisin  of  Sfdid  Visciosity.  by  Carl  nnnu.     1892.    8°.     KfS  pp.    Price  1.')  cents. 

95.  Earthquiikes  in  California  in  1890  and  1891,  l.y  Kdward  Siii<,'leton  Holden.     1892.     8".     Ill  pp. 
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90.  The  Volume  Thcrmwlynamlcs  of  LIqiiidH,  by  Carl  Uarus.     1892.    8^.     100  jip.     Prici;  10  cents. 

97.  The  Mesoz-oic  Rchinodermata  of  the  United  Statoa.  by  AV'llinin  linllock  Clark.     189:t.     8~.     207 
pp.    50  pi.     Price  20  cents, 

98.  Flornof  the  Outlying  Carboniferous  ISasins  of  Southwestern  Missouri,  by  David  White.     1H9,T, 
8°.     139  pp.    5  pi.    Price  15  cents. 

99.  Record  of  North  American  Oeology  for  1891,  by  Nelson   Horatio  Dartoii.    1892.    8'.    7:!  pp. 
Price  10  cents. 

100.  Bibliography  and  Index  of  the  Pnbiicntions  of  the  U.  S,  Ceological  Survey,  1879-1892,  by  Philip 
Ureveling  Warnian,    189;i.    8\    49,')  pp.     Price  25  cents. 

101.  Insect  Fauna  of  the  Rhode  Island  Coal  Field,  by  Samuel  Hnbbard  Scudder.     I89;i.     8°.    27  jip, 
2  pi.    Price  5  cents. 

102.  A  Catalogue  and  Hibliography  of  North  .\mericaii  Mesozoic  Invertebrata,  by  Cornelius  Hreck- 
inridge  Boyle.     180a.    S°.    315  pp.     Price  25  cents, 

103.  High  Temperature  Work  in  Igneous  Fusion  and  Ebullition,  chiefl.y  in  Relation  to  Pressure,  by 
CarlBarus.    1893.    8°.    57  pp,    9  pi.     Price  10  cent.s. 

104.  Glaciation  of  the  Yellowstone  Valley  north  of  the  Park,  by  Walter  Harvey  Weed.'    1893.    8°. 
41pp.     4  pi.    Price  5  cents. 

'     105.  Tlie  Laramie  and  the  Overlying  Livingston  Formation  in  Montana,  by  Walter  Harvey  Weed, 
with  Report  on  Flora,  by  Frank  Hall  Knowltoii.     1893.    8'^.    68  pj).    0  pi.     Price  10  cents. 

106.  The  Colorado  Formation  and  its  Invertebrate  Fauna,  by  T.  W.  Stanton.     1893.    8°     288  pp. 
45  pi.    Price  20  cents. 

107.  The  Trap  Dikes  of  llie  Lake  (Jhaniplain  Region,  by  .lames  Fitrijiau  Kemp  and  Vernon  Free- 
man Marstera.    1893.     8'',    62  i>p.    4  pi.     Price  10  <ents. 

108.  AGo(dogicalReconnoissancc  in  Central  Washington,  by  Israel  Cook  Russell.    1893.    S''.    108  pp. 
12  id.    Price  15  cents, 

109.  The  Eruptive  and  .Sedimentary  Rocks  on  Pigeon  Point,  Minnesota,  and  their  Contact  I'lieiiom- 
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110.  The  Paleozoic  Section  in  the  Vicinity  of  Three  Forks,  Montana,  by  Albert  Charles  Peale.     1893. 
8".    50  pp.    6  pi.     Price  10  cents. 

111.  Geology  of  the  Big  Stone  Gap  Coal  B'ield  of  Virginia  and  Kentucky,  by  Marius  R.  (/'ampbell. 
1893.    8°.    100  pp.    6  pi.    Price  15  cents, 

112.  Earthquakes  in  California  ill  1892,  by  Charles  1).  Perrinc.     1893,     8^.     57  ini.     Price  10  cents. 

113.  A  Report  of   Work  done  in   the  DivLsion  of  Chemistry  during  tlie  Fisiial  Years  1891-'92  and 
1892-'93.    r.  W.  Clarke,  Chief  Chemist,     1893.    8".     U,")  pp.    Price  15  cents. 

114.  Earthquakes  in  California  in  1893,  by  Charles  I).  Perrine.     1894.    8".    23  pp.     Price  5  cents. 

115.  A  Geographic  Dictionary  of  Rhode  Islaml,  by  Henry  Gannett.    1894.  8^.  31  pp.    Price  5  events. 

116.  A  Geographic  Dictionary  of  ^ilassachusetts,  by  Henry  Gannett.    1894.  8''.    I26pp,    Price  15  cents. 

117.  A  Geographic  Dictionary  of  Connecticut,  by  Henry  Gannett,     1894,    8',    07  pp.     Price  10  cents. 

118.  A  Geographic  Dictionary  of  New  Jersey,  by  Henry  (lannett,    1894,   X'.    131  pji.    Price  l,'i cents, 

119.  A  Geological  Reconnoiss.ince  in  Northwest  Wyoming,  by  (Jeorge  Hoinans  Eldridge.     1894.    8'^. 
72  pp.    4  pi.     Price  10  cents, 

120.  The  Devcmian  System  of  Eastern  Pennsylvania  and  New  York,  by  Charles  S,  Prosser.     1895. 
8°.    81pp.    2  pi.    Price  10  cents. 

121.  A  Bibliography  of  North  American  Paleontology,  by  Charles  RoUin  Keyes.     1894.    8-'.    251pp. 
Price  20  cents. 

122.  Resultsof  Primary  Triaiigiilalioii,  by  Henry  Gannett,    1894.   8'.    412  jtp.    17pl,     Price 25ce!it8. 

123.  A  Dictionary  of  Geographic  Positions,  by  Uiiiiry  Gannett.     1895,    8',     183  pp.     1  pi.     Price  15 
ceutu. 


I 


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|liarli"i 

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Merits. 

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rj4.  Ui'visioii  ipf  Niirtli  Amrriciiri  KdhmiI  ('uckruailifM,  liy  Siiriiiii'l  lliililiard  SiiiildiT.  IHltri.  8  .  176 
\>]i.    12  1)1.     I'ric  (I  1,'miiiIh. 

rjr).  'I'll!' <'(mHtiliitii»ii(irtlii>  Silicalcs.  by  Kiaiik  WiKKlcMWKilli  CliiTkc.     189.1.     H  ■.     10!»  pp.     I'rict' l.l 

COIllH. 

120.  A  Miiii'ralo<;ii'al  la'xicnii  ol'  Kiunklin.  Ilunip.iliir)',  ami  IlamiMliMi  ( 'niinlicH.  MuMHai'lnisi'ttx,  liy 
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127.  (,'alaloj;ii«  and  Iiidrx  of  ('i>iitril)iitii>iiM  to  Nortli  Aiiicriouu  <ioolo)jy,  17:12  1  Hit  I,  liy  Nelson 
Horatio  Darfon.     l«!lli.    8\     1045  pp.     I'rico  (U)  centH. 

128.  Till- Jicar  Jvivcr  Formation  and  iln  (liaracteri.stic  Kanna,  l>y  ('Inirlrx  A.  \Vliilt>.  181».'i.  K '.  lOH 
PI).     11])1.     I'rii'O  l.">  rents. 

120.  JCartlninakf.s  in  California  in  1804,  by  Chnrlos  I).  Porrinp.     180,").    H\    2.1  pi).     I'rico  .1  rentM. 

i:iU.  lSil)lio;;rapli\  and  Index  of  North  Anieriean  (leulo^y.  Paleontology,  Pctrolo;;y,  and  Mineraloi;v 
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ll!l.  lleport  of  Progress  of  tlie  Division  of  IIydro;;rapliy  'or  the  Calendar  Voars  1801!  ami  IHOI,  by 
Frederiek  llayneH  Newell, 'I'opoyraplier  in  Cliar(;e.     180,").     fi '.     120  pj).     Priee  1,1  <'enls. 

1112.  TliuDLsHeininatud  Loail  OroM  of  SontlieuHtorn  Missouri,  by  Artlinr  WiiihIow.  1800.  H '.  Ill  |)p, 
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133.  Contributions  to  Mie  Crvtaeuoiis  Paloontfdogy  of  tlio  Paeitic  (^oasf:  The  Fauna  of  Ibe  Knoxville 
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134.  Tlio  Cambrian  Uocks  of  Pennsylvania,  by  Charles  Doolittio  Walcott.  1800.  8'='.  43  i»p.  1.1  pi. 
Price  5  cents. 

135.  JJibliography  and  Index  of  North  American  Geology,  Paleontology,  Petrology,  and  Mineralogy 
for tho  Year  1894,  by  F.  li.  Weeks.     1800.    8o.     141  pp.     Price  15  cents. 

130.  Volcanic  Rocks  of  South  Mountain.  Pennsylvania,  by  Florence  IJascom.  1800.  8".  124  ])p.  28 
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137.  The  Oocdogy  of  the  Fort  lliley  Military  Hesorvation  and  Vicinity,  Kansas,  l)y  Robert  Hay 
180C.     8o.     35  pp.     8  pi.     Price  5  cents. 

138.  Artesian-WcllProspectsinthe  Atlantic  Coastal  Plain  Region,  by  N.H.Darton.  1896.  8-'.  228 
PI).     10  ]d.     Price  20  cents. 

130.  (icology  of  the  Castle  Mountain  Mining  District,  Montana,  by  W.  H.  Weed  and  L.  V.  Pirsson. 
1890.    8°.    104  pp.     17  pi.     Price  15  cents. 

140.  Ro])ort  of  Progress  of  the  Division  of  Hydrography  for  the  Calendar  Year  1895,  by  Frederick 
IlayueB  Newell,  Ilydrograpber  in  Charge.    1806.    8°.    350  i)p.    Price  25  cents. 

141.  The  Eocene  Deposits  of  the  Middle  Atlantic  Slope  in  Delaware,  Maryland,  and  Virginia,  by  Wil- 
iam  HuUock  Clark.    1896.    8^.     107  pp.    40  pi.    Price  15  cents. 

142.  A  lirief  Contribution  to  the  Geology  and  Paleontology  of  Nortliwestem  Louisiana,  by  T.  Way- 
land  Vaugban.     1896.    8°.    05  pp.    4  pi.    Price  10  cents. 

143.  A  Bibliography  of  Clays  and  the  Ceramic  Arts,  by  John  (!.  Branner.  1896.  8''.  114  pp.  Price 
15  cents. 

144.  The  Moraines  of  the  Missouri  Cotean  and  their  Attendant  Deposits,  by  James  Edward  Todd. 
1800.    8°.    71pp.    21  pi.    Price  10  cents. 

145.  The  Potomac  Formation  in  Virginia,  by  W.  M.  Fontaine.    1800.   8°.   149  pp.   2  pi.   I'rice  15  cents. 
140.  Bibliography  and  Index  of  North   American   Geology,  Paleontology,  Petrology,  and  Miner- 
alogy for  the  Year  1805,  by  F.  B.  Weeks.     1890.    8".    130  pp.    Price  15  cents. 

147.  Earthquakes  in  California  in  1805,  by  Charles  D.  Perrine,  Assistant  Astronomer  in  Charge  of 
EartlKjuake  Observations  at  the  Lick  Observatory.    1890.    8°.    23  pp.    Price  5  cents. 

148.  Analyses  of  Rocks,  with  a  Chapter  on  Analytical  Metho<ls,  Laboratory  of  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey,  1880  to  1890,  by  F.AV.ClarkeandW.F.Hillebraml.    1897.   8'^.   306pp.    Price20cent8. 

149.  Bibliography  and  Index  of  North  American  Geology,  Paleontology,  Petrology,  and  Mineralogy 
fortheY'tar  1890,  by  Fred  Boughton  Weeks.     1897.    8°.     152  pp.    Price  15  cents. 

150.  The  Educational  Series  of  Rock  Specimens  Collected  and  Distributed  by  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey,  by  Joseph  Silas  Diller.     1808.    8°.    400  pp.    47  pi.    Price  25  cents. 

151.  The  Lower  Cretaceous  Gryphwas  of  tbo  Texas  Region,  by  R.  T.  Hill  and  T.  Wayland  Vaughau. 
1898.    80.    139  pp.    35  pi.    Price  15  cents. 

152.  A  Catalogue  of  the  Cretaceous  and  Tertiary  Plants  of  North  America,  by  F.  H.  Knowlton. 
1898.    8°.    247  pp.    Price  20  cents. 

1.13.  A  Bibliograpliic  Index  of  North  American  (!arboniferous  Invertebrates,  by  Stuart  Weller.  1808. 
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154.  A  Gazetteer  of  Kansas,  by  Henry  Gannett.    1898.    8".    240  pp.    6  pi.     Price  20  cents. 

155.  Earthquakes  in  California  in  1890  and  1807,  by  Charles  D.  Perrine,  Assistant  Astronomer  in 
Charge  of  .Earth<iuake  Ob-servations  at  the  Lick  Observatory.     1808.     8°.    47  pp.     Price  5  cents. 

1.16.  Bibliography  and  Index  of  North  American  Geology,  Paleontology,  Petrology,  and  Mineralogy 
fertile  Year  1807,  by  Fred  Boughtou  Weeks.    1898.'  8°.    130  pp.     Price  15  cents. 

157.  Th^^  Gneisses,  Gabbro-Scliists,  and  Associated  Rocks  of  Southwestern  Minnesota,  by  Christopher 
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158.  The  ^Moraines  of  Southeastern  South  Dakota  and  their  Attendant  Dei>osits,  by  James  Edward 
Todd.    1899.    8^.    171pp.    27  pi.     Price  25  cents. 

159.  The  Geology  of  Eastern  Berkshire  County,  Massachusetts,  by  B.  K.  Emerson.  1899.  8''.  139 
pp.    Oi)l.     Price  20  cents. 


VIII 


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ICO.  A  IHotlonnrv  of  AlfltiHicn  In  llit<  I'nitt^d  HtiiJ«s  (Third  Kililioii),  ronipili'il  by  ITonrv 'innintt. 
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161.  Riirlliqiinkt'H  in  Cnlironiia  in  IhiiR,  liy 'liailcH  1).  rririhi'.  .XHHJHtant  AslronnMioi' in  ('Initio  ol 
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16'i.  nililiograiiliy  and  Imlrx  nrXintli  Anirvirnn  (!rolo;{y,  Palcinilnlogv.  l'olii)lo){y.  anil  M!ni<rulo){> 
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10:i.  Flora  of  till' Montana  Fotination.  by  Frank  Hall  Kiiowllon.  I'.tOO.  8'.  IlHpp.  litpl.  J'ricc  ir> 
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104.  UocunnaiHsancd  in  tlio  lilo  (irondo  Coal  Fii'ltls  oI'Tcxhm,  liy  TliomaH  Wnylaud  Vaiigliiin,  incluil 
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165.  ('ontribntionH  Id  tlio  Gwdogy  of  Maino,  by  Henry  S.  Willianm  and  Herbert  E.  Gregory.  I'JUii. 
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166.  A  (lazettecrof  I'tali,  by  Ilonry  (rannolt.     190U.    8''.    4;(  pji.     1  map.     Price  15  contn. 

167.  Contributions  to  (jbeniistry  and  Mineralogy  from  tlio  Laboratory  of  tlio  I'niled  .SlatoH  Onolof; 
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16H.  Analyses  of  Rock«,  Laboratory  of  tlio  United  States  (icological  Survey,  188U  to  1899.  tabnlatcil 
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169.  Altitudes  In  Alanka,  by  Henry  Gannett.     1900.    8°.     i:i  ]))).     Price  T>  eonts. 

170.  Survey  of  tlie  Jloundary  Line  between  Idaho  and  Montana  from  the  Internal iouul  Boundary  lo 
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171.  lloundariea  of  the  Unitod  States  and  of  tlio  Several  States  and  Territ«ries,  with  an  Outline  ni 
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172.  Itildiography  and  Index  of  North  American  Geology,  Paleontolony,  Petrology,  and  Mineralogy 
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173.  Synopsis  of  American  Fossil  Bryozoa,  iuchuling  Bibliography  and  Synonymy,  by  John  M. 
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174.  Survey  of  the  Northwestern  Boundary  of  the  United  States,  1857-1801,  by  Marcus  Baker.  1900. 
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In  press  : 

175.  Triaugulation  and  Spirit  Leveling  in  Indian  Territory,  Ity  C.  H.  Fitch. 

176.  Some  Principles  and  Methods  of  liock  Analysis,  by  W.  F.  liillebrand. 
In  preparation : 

— .  Bibliography  and  Catalogue  of  the  Fossil  Vertebrata  of  Norl  li  America-,  by  Oliver  Perry  Hay. 

WATER-SUPPLY  AND  IRRIGATION  PAPERS. 

By  act  of  Congress  approved  June  11,  1890,  the  foUowinj.;  provision  was  made: 

^'Provided,  That  hereafter  the  reports  of  tlie  Geological  Survey  in  relation  to  the  ganging  of 
streams  and  to  the  methods  of  utilizing  the  water  resources  may  lie  iirinlcil  in  octavo  form,  not  to 
exceed  one  hundred  pages  in  length  and  five  tboiisaiid  copies  in  iiuiiibor;  one  tbon.sand  copies  of 
which  shall  bo  for  the  ollicial  use  of  the  Geological  Survey,  one  tbou.saiid  live  liimdred  copies  shall  bo 
delivered  to  the  Senate,  and  two  thousand  five  hundred  (■opie^4  shall  be  delivered  to  the  House  of  Rep- 
resentatives, for  distribution." 

Under  this  law  the  following  papers  have  been  published : 

1.  Pumping  "Water for  Irrigation,  by  Herbert  M.  Wilson,      isnc.    R'.     57  jip.    9  pi. 

2.  Irrigation  near  Pha'ni.\,  Arizona,  by  Arthur  P.  Davis.    1897.    8".    97  pjt.    31  jil. 

3.  Sewage  Irrigation,  by  George  W.  Rafter.    1897.    8'^.    KHI  jip.    i\)\. 

4.  A  Reconnoissance  in  ooutbeasteru  W.isliington,  by  Israel  Cook  IJiissell. 

5.  Irrigation  Practice  on  the  Great  Plains,  by  Elias  Branson  Cowgill.     1(;'I7 


1897 

8-"'. 


8°.    96  pp.    7  pi. 
39  pp.     \?.  pi. 

6.  Underground  Waters  of  Southwestern  Kansas,  by  Erasniuth  Hawortb.    1897.    8^.    65  pp.    12  pi. 

7.  Seepage  Waters  of  Northern  Utah,  by  Samuel  Fort ier.     1897.    H".    .50  pp.     3  pi. 

8.  Wiudm-ills  for  Irrigation,  by  E.C.  Murphy.    1897.    8^    49  pp.    8  pi. 

9.  Irrigation  near  Greeley,  Colorado,  by  David  Boyd.    1897.    8'.    !)0  iip.     21  pi. 

10.  Irrigation  in  Mesilla  Valley,  New  ^Mexico,  i)y  F.  C.  Barker.    1898.     8''.    51pp.     11  pi. 

11.  River  Heights  for  1896,  by  Arthur  P.  Davis.    1897.    8^.    100  pp. 

12.  Underground  Waters  of  Southeastern  Nebraska,  by  N.  n.  Dart  on.    1898.    8''.   50  pp.   21  pi. 

13.  Irrigation  Systems  in  Texas,  by  William  Ferguson  Hutson.     1898.     8^.    C7  pp.     10  jil. 

14.  New  Tests  of  Pumps  and  Water-Lifts  used  in  Irrigatiim,  by  O.  P.  Hood.    1898.    8°.    91  j.p.    1  pi. 

15.  Operations  at  River  .Stations,  1897,  Part  I.    1898.    8\    100  pp. 

16.  Operations  at  River  Stations,  1897,  Part  II.     1898.    S\    101-200  pp. 

17.  Irrigation  near  Bakersfield,  California,  by  C.  E.  Grunsky.    189H.    8.    96  pp.     10  pi. 

18.  Inigation  near  Fresno,  California,  by  (.'.  E.  Grunsky.     1898.    8".    94  pp.     U  jil. 

19.  Irrigation  near  Merced,  California,  by  C.  E.  Grunsky.     1899.    8°.    59  pp.     11  pi. 


20.  Experini 

21.  Wells  of 

22.  Sew  at:*: 

23.  Water  vl 

24.  Water  II 
2.'i.  Water  K 
20.  Wells  (it 
27    Opera! Ki 

28.  OjieratK 

29.  Weill  ai 

30.  Water  II 

31.  Lower  N 

32.  Wilier  II 

33.  Storage 

34.  (icologj 

35.  Ojieratii 
30.  Operatii 

37.  Operati 

38.  Operatic 

39.  Operati 


When,  in  1 
States,  there 
The  preitarat 
ureaof  tbeco 
each  sheet  r 
separate  ehe 
ordered  in  1( 
cents  each. 
900  sheets  hi 
Publications 

Tlie  map  i 
text  they  ca 
series  of  toj 
colleges.     O 

1.  Physio 
of  doscriptij 
maturity 
(Cal.),  a  yo| 
sonville  (Li] 
coast. 

2.  Physii 
of  descript 
(Nebr.l,  ai 
T.),  Ozaikj 
(N.  Mex.)| 
(Greg.),  a 


The  Ged 
geologic  11 
is  deseni| 

Umler 
(designatl 
anit  of  pil 
the  Geolq 

Each 
descriptij 
natural 

Two 
sheets 
the  shec 

Undeij 
The  reiil 
are  pri« 


ADVKHTISKMKNT. 


IX 


Miiiiit. 

|'riilon\ 
('rice  15 
|iiicluil' 

.      I'.tUI). 

l<i«olo{;- 
liliiilatud 


|ii(Iai'y  to 
Piito 

inline  (it 

900.    S'^. 


Irt  J)]!.     17 

1.1. 

1!)0(I.     H  . 

OH  iip. 

:i:;  pi. 

liHM).     H   . 

:u  pp. 

1 1  pi 

20.  ExpirinKmls  with  Will. linilU,  liy  T.  (t.  I'lTn.     isitn.     H.    07  pp      I J  pi. 

21.  Well.sol'NcirtliiTii  Iiidiimii.by  I''r,mk  Lovcri'tl.     1H90.    H.     HJ  pp.    'J  pi. 

22.  SoWHcn  Irii;.'iili I'lirt  .1 1,  by  <  i(M>r(j<'  \V.  Uullrr.     l*«l.     H.     loii  pj).     7  pi. 

23.  \Viit«r  ii);lpl  ri'oldcMM  (if  till' ni(j;lii)rn  Moniitftiim,  liy  Khvoixl  Moiid.     I.'^OO.     H  .     IVJ  pp.    7  pi. 

24.  Wilier  Ucsdiiici's  Dllliii  StiitiMif  N'.w  Vfirk,  I'lirl  1,  liy  II.  \V.  l{nrt<>r.  \x\M.  s  .  oo  i.)!.  |:i  j.l. 
'>:>.  WaliT  Itc'somriMol' till)  .Stall)  of  Xc«- York,  Part  II,  liy  I  i.  \V  Kaflcr.  IHW.  H  .  l:il-2i)i)  pp.  I'.'i.l. 
20.  WolU  of  .Simtlii'iii  Indiana  (Conliiiii.itiiiiml' Nil. '.'1),  liy  Frank  I.hviti-ii.     IHOO.    S  .     04  pp. 

27    Opcratioim  at  Uivi'r  SliitloiiH  for  1808.  I'art,  I.     18»0.    8\     ItiO  pp. 

28.  ()i>(>rat)o.i.s  at  Uivcr  .Stationn  for  1808,  I'lirt  II.     1800.     8  .     lol   .>ii()  pp 

20.  Wi'll.i  and  WindiiiillM  ill  Nebraska.  l>y  Ki  win  H.  15:irl)oiu.     1800.    8       8.'.  |.|i.    i:7  pi. 

:iO.  Watrr  KpHnurccHof  llio  Lower  reiiinsiilaof  Mi(',lil;;aii,  liy  .Vlfrod  (!.  liiiiic.     IK'.iy    h  .    07  pp.    7  pi. 

;il.  Lower  Michigan  Mineral  Waters.  l<y  Alfred  <;.  I,.iiie.     ISOO.     H' .     97  pp.     4  pi. 

HJ.  Water  KesoiireoH  of  I'uerto  Uieo,  liy  Herbert  M.  Wilson.     1800.     8  . 

3!t   Storajjeof  AVater  oil  (iila  Uivei,  .Vri/.ona,  by  .Joseph  H.  LipjMneotl. 

!U.  (ieolo;;y  iind  Water  llosoiirces  of  .SK.  South  Dakota,  by  .1.  K.  Todd. 

35.  ()))eratioiis  at  Uiver  Stations,  1800,  Part  I.     1000.     8  .     100  pp. 

30.  Operations  at  Hi vcrStatioiLS.  1800,  Part  II.     lOOO.     8^.     101-198  pp. 

37.  Operations  at  River  Stations,  1890,  Part  III.     1000.    8^.     190-298  pp. 

38.  Operations  at  River  Stations,  1809,  Part  IV.     1000.     8  >.     299-3S0  pp. 

39.  Operations  111  nivor  Stations,  1899.  Part  V.     1000.    8\    397-471  pp. 

roPOliUAPIIK;  MAP  OK  TIIK  TNITKO  STATES. 

Wlion,  in  1882,  the  Gooloi;ieiil  Survey  was  directed  by  law  to  make  a  jjoolojjie  ninj)  of  the  Tnited 
States,  tlioro  was  in  existeiu^o  no  suitable  topo;:rapliie,  map  to  servo  as  a  base  for  Hie  neoloyie  map. 
Tlio  preparation  of  such  a  topoj;raphie.  map  was  therefore  immediately  begun.  About  onetiftli  of  Ihe 
urcaof  tlieeunntry,  excluding  Alaska,  has  now  been  thus  mapped.  The  map  is  published  in  atlas  slieels, 
each  slieet  representing  a  small  quadrangular  district,  as  explained  under  the  next  hcadinj;.  The 
separate  ehcets  are  sidd  at  5  cents  each  wlien  fewer  than  100  copies  are  iiundiased,  but  when  they  are 
ordered  iu  lots  of  100  or  more  copies,  whether  of  the  same  sheet  or  of  ditl'ercnt  sheets,  the  jiriceis  2 
cunts  each.  The  mapped  areas  are  widely  scattered,  nearly  every  State  beinj;  represented.  About 
900  sheets  have  been  engraved  and  jirinted;  they  are  tabulated  by  States  in  the  Survey's  "  List  of 
Publications,  "  a  pamphlet  which  may  bo  had  on  application. 

Tlie  map  sheets  represent  a  great  variety  of  topo^ra])hie  foatiires,  and  with  the  aid  of  descriptive 
text  Ihi^y  can  bo  used  to  illustrate  topographic  forms.  This  has  led  to  the  projection  of  an  educational 
series  of  topographic  folios,  Ibr  ii.'^e,  wherever  geography  is  tauglit  in  high  seliools,  academies,  and 
colleges.    Of  this  scries  the  first  two  folios  liave  been  issni'd,  viz : 

1.  Physiographic  typos,  by  Henry  Gannett,  1898,  folio,  consisting  of  the  following  sheets  and  4  jiages 
of  descriptive  text:  Faigo  (X.  Dak..^Iinn.|,  a  region  in  youth;  Charleston  (W.  Va.).  n  region  in 
maturity ;  Caldwell  (Ka.iS.),  a  region  in  old  a;;e ;  Palmyra  ( Va.),  a  rejuvenated  region  ;  Mount  Shasta, 
(Cal.),  a  j'oiing  volcanic  nioiintaiii;  Kaglo  (Wis.),  moraines;  Sun  Prairie  (Wis.),  driinilins;  Donald- 
Sonville  (La.),  river  flood  plains;  Rootlibay  (Mo.),  a  fiord  coast;  Atlantic  City  (N.  J.),  a  barrier-beach 
coast. 

2.  Physiographic  types,  by  Honry  flannett.  1900,  folio,  consisting  of  the  following  slieots  and  11  pages 
of  deacnptivo  text;  Norfolk  (Va.N,  C  ),  a  coast  swamp;  Marshall  (Mo.),  a  graded  liver;  Lexington 
(Nebr.),  an  overloaded  stream;  Harrisburg  (Pa,),  Appalachian  ridges;  Potcau  Mountain  (Ark.  Ind. 
T.),  Ozark  ridges;  Marshall  (.\rk,),  Ozark  Plateau;  West  Denver  (Colo,),  hogbacks;  Mount  Taylor 
(N.  Mex.),  volcanic  peaks,  plateaus,  and  necks,  Ciicamonga  (C.il.),  alluvial  cones;  tJrater  Lakos|ieciaI 
(Oreg,),  aerator. 

GEOLOGIC  ATLAS  OF  THK  UXITEl)  STATES. 

The  Geologic  Atlas  of  the  United  States  is  the  final  form  of  publication  of  the  topographic  and 
geologic  ma  [IS.  The  atlas  is  issued  iu  parts,  or  folios,  progressively  aa  the  surveys  are  extended,  and 
is  designed  ultimately  to  cover  the  entire  country. 

Under  the  plan  adopted  tho  entire  area  of  tho  country  is  divided  into  small  rectangnlar  districts 
(designate!',  quadrangles),  bounded  by  certain  meridians  and  parallels.  Tho  unit  of  survey  is  also  tho 
anit  of  publication,  and  the  maps  and  doscriptioim  of  each  re(^tangular  district  are  issued  as  ii  folio  of 
the  Geologi.i  Atlas. 

Each  folio  contains  topo^jraphic,  geologic,  economic,  and  structural  inajis,  together  with  textual 
description,"  and  exi'lanati'jr.s,  and  is  designated  by  tho  name  of  a  principal  town  or  of  a  prominent 
natural  feature  -within  tho  district. 

Two  forms  of  issue  have  been  adopted,  a  "library  edition  '  and  a  "field  edition.''  In  both  tho 
sheets  are  bound  between  heavy  paper  covers,  but  tho  library  copies  are  poniianently  bound,  while 
the  sheets  and  covers  of  the  field  copies  are  only  temporaril        ircd  together. 

Under  the  law  a  copy  of  each  folio  is  sent  to  certain  public  libraries  and  educational  institutions. 
Theremainder  are  sold  at  2."<  cents  each,  except  such  as  conlain  an  unasiial  amount  of  matter,  which 
are  priced  accordingly.    Prepayment  is  obligatory.     Tho  folios  ready  for  distribution  are  iiero  listed: 


IMAGE  EVALUATION 
TEST  TARGET  (MT-3) 


'J 


■?. 


1.0 


I.I 


1.25 


6"  IIM    ill  2.2 


m  12.0 


U    III  1.6 


I 

% 


Photographic 

Sciences 

Corporation 


23  WEST  MAIN  STREET 

WEBSTER,  N.Y.  U580 

(716)  873-4503 


1 

I 


^<p 


,%^ 


£p. 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


No. '     Naniu  of  HlitH't. 


1.! 

n\ 

14 


LIvinjiHioii 

Ulnggold 

Plw.orvillc 

KiiigRtona  

Siiitrniiiciilo 

Cliatlaiiooi:!! 

I'ikua  Peak  a 

S«'waiie»' 

Autlinu'ite-CruMt' 

(><1  BiittP. 
llarpvrH  Forr, 


Jiuikiutii  . . 
KHtillvillo 


,,„| 


r. 

10 

17 
18 

19 

2(1 

1 

22 


KnMlorlrksliiir);  ..11 

SUiiiiitoii <| 

LaHHOii  Teak 

Kiioxvillo I' 

Marysville j 

tjtiia'rtsvillo 


StevciiHon  . . . 

Clovolaiid  . . . 
I'ikevilU)  .... 
McMiiinvillu 


21)  I  Noniinl . 

24 

25 

2C 
27 
28 
20 


Tlireo  Forks . 
Laiiilon 

Po('uhonlu8  .. 

Morristowii . . 

Pietlniout 


3U 


31 

32 

33 
34 
35 

36  ' 

37  i 
38 
30 

40  I 

41  I 
42 
43  I 

44 

45 
46 

47 

48 


40 

50 

61 
62 

53 


Nevwia  City : 
Nevada  (!ity. 
Grass  Valloy. 
Haniivr  Hill  . 

Yellowstone    Na- 
tional Park; 

Gallallii ] 

Canyon I 

Shoshone  •  • -   [ 
Lake | 

Pyramid  Peak  . . . 

Franklin / 

Hriceville 

Uuckhaunun 

Oadsden 

Pueblo 

Dowuiovillo 

Kiitle  Special 

Truckee 

Warthnrg 

Sonora 

Nueei'H 

Bidwell  liar 

Tazewell ./ 


Montana.. 
Georgia.  ..1 
TrnnesHee  / 
Califiimiu. 
'renueasee 
Call  lorn  in. 
'ronnessee 
(Joloratlo. . 
Tennessee 
(.'olorado.. 
Virginia .. 
West  Va.. 
Mar  viand. 
Caliiuniia. 
Virginia . . 
Kentucky. 
Tennessee 
Maryland. 
Virginia  .. 
Virginia.. 
West  Vn.. 
California. 
Tennessee 
N.Carolina 
California. 
California. 
Alnltama  . 
Georgia... 
Tennessee 
Tennessee 
Tennessee 
Tennessee 
Maryland. 
Virginia .. 
Montana.. 
Tennessee 
Virginia.. 
West  Va.. 
Tennessee  | 
Maryland .  \ 
itVn..  f 


Wesf 


Boise I 

Kiehniond I 

London I 

Teninile  District  | 

Special.  I 

Rosebnrg ' 

llolyoko I 

Big  Trees 

Almaroka : 

Crandall 1 

Ishawooa..../ 

Standingstone 


California. 


Wyoming 

California. 
Virginia .. 
West  Va  . 
Tennessee 
WestVa.. 
Alabama  . 
Colorado . . 
California. 
Montana.. 
California. 
Tennessee 
California. 

Texas  

California. 
Virginia.. 
WestVa.. 

Idaho 

Kentucky 
Kentucky 
(/ol<irado°. . 


Oregon  . . . 

Mass 

(yonn 

Cu'iifornia. 

■Wyoming. 
Tennesse ' 


Limiting  meridians. 
1 loo- 111' 

8:i'-Ai'  :iO' 

120"  30'- 121" 
84^  3(»'-85o 

121''  I2P  30' 
H5    85^  30' 

105'  lOr.    30' 

8.T  30'-80o 

ItMP  4.1'-107"  15' 

77"  ;tO'-78o 

lar  ;io'-i?p  ! 

82^"  30'  83  > 

77'^ -77"  30' 

79^-70  •  :10' 

121''-122'  i 

830  30'-«4o 

121°  30'-122° 
121"-121°  30' 

»5°  30'-8«o 

84"  30'-85'' 
850-85"  30' 
O)'^  30'-80'' 

76"  30'-77" 

11P-1I2° 

840-84"  30' 

810-81"  30' 
830-«)"  30' 
70"-79"  30' 

1210  00'25"-.121"03'45" 
12l"01'35"-121°05'04" 
120"57'05"-12l"00'25" 


noo-iiio 


12O''-120"  30' 

79"-79"  30' 

84" -840  30- 

80"-80"  30' 

86"- 80"  30' 

104"  30'-105" 

120°  30-121° 

112°  20'30"-112°  30' 42" 

120^-120"  30' 

84"  aO'-SS-' 

120"-120"  30' 

1000-100°  30' 

1210-121"  30' 

81"  30' -82° 

11((°-116'  30' 

84"-84"  30' 

84" -84°  30' 

10«°  8'-106"  18' 

123"-123°  30' 

72"  30' -73" 

120"- 120"  30' 


109''  30-110° 
85" -85"  30' 
aOiit  of  stock. 


Limiting  parHllt'ls. 


'Area,  in  I'rir 
I  sqiiaro      in 
milt's. 


45°-4«" 

34"  30' -35" 

38"  30'-3»' 
35  30' --MP 
38'  30-30^ 
35^-35"  30' 
38"  311' -30" 
35"-35"  30' 
38=  45'-3i)" 

31K1-39  '  30' 

38"-38o  30' 

30"  30'-:t7" 

38"-38"  30' 

38"-.38"  30' 

40-'-41" 

35"  30'-3«" 

39'-39"  30' 
39° -39°  30' 

34='  30'-3.5° 

35^-35°  30' 
35"  3O'-30" 
35"  30' -30° 

,38"-38"  30' 

450-4C" 
35°  30'-36" 

37" -37^  30' 


39'>-30o  30' 

39"]3'.'i0"-39o  17'  16" 
39"  10'22"-.3'»°  13' .50" 
39"  13'  50"-30o  17'  16" 


I 


44°-45" 


38"  30-39" 

38"  30-39= 

30-36"  30' 
38°  30'-39" 
340-34"  30' 
380-38°  30' 
SO"  30' -10" 
45"  50'  28"-46"  02' 54" 
39"-30'  30' 
36°-36"  30' 
37°  30-38"' 
29°  30' -30= 
30°  30'-40" 

37"- 37"  30' 

43°  30-44" 

37°  30'-38" 

37" -37''  .30' 

80"  22'  30  "-30"  30'  30" 

43"-430  30' 
42" -42"  30' 
38"-38"'  30' 

44"-44"  30' 
80"-36"  30' 


3,354 

080 

0.32 
060 
0;t2 
975 
032 
97.'; 
465 

025 

038 

057 

938 

938 
3, 034 


925 
025 


975 
969 
969 

038 

:i,  354 
960 

951 

903 

1)25 

11.65 
12.09 
11.65 


3, 412 


032 

932 

903 
932 
086 
038 
010 

22. 80 
925 
963 
044 

1,035 
918 

950 

864 

044 

e.)0 

55 

871 
885 
938 


.'•.II 


1,700 
S63 


2r. 


2.-> 

2r. 

50 


2.-. 


50 


75 


25 

25 

25 
2r, 
25 
60 
25 
5U 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 

25 

25 
25 
25 
25 

25 
50 
25 


25 
25 


No. 


54 

55 
56 
57 


62 


ADVKRTISEMKNT. 


XI 


kiiiro 


nso 

9.'12 
U6i) 
9.12 
UTf) 
9.12 
97r. 
40:1 

9.'tH  ' 
9.'i7 

9;iR 


I'lil  (■ 

ill 
••em-. 


Ko.      Xanin  of  xlirot . 


Slate. 


925 

25 

925 

25 

980 

2."i 

975 

2.-. 

909 

'>.:, 

9fi9 

•I't 

938 

2-> 

354 

5n 

9«0 

2,-p 

951 

2,"i 

9r,3 

2.'i 

1(25 


50 


75 

25 

25 

25 
25 
25 
6U 
25 
5U 
25 
25 
25 
25 
25 

25 

25 
25 
25 
25 

25 
50 
25 


S4  Tocoma. 


55 
50 
57 

58 

02 


Wasliiiiji- 

ton. 
Montana. 
Montana. 
Colorado. 


FortBonton ... 
Little  Belt  Mt8 

Twllurido 

KIriioro I  Colorado . . 

B"-"'t«> [Seto,; 

Mttnoiuinoe  S]>e<'ial   Michigan . 


LimltinK  iiicridiiiiiH. 


122^-122"  30' 

110"-lllo 

llO'^-lll'' 

107^  45'- 108° 

104°-104o  30' 

82='-82''  30' 

87°  44'-88o  09' 


I.imitini;  iiarallelH. 


470-470  30' 

470-480 

400-470 

37°  45'-38o 

370.370  80' 

30O  30'-37o 

450  44'-45o  55' 


1885.     80.     xiv,  1016 


1880. 


STATISTIOAT.  PAPERS. 

Mineral  ResoiirceH  of  the  United  Staten,  1882,  by  Albert  WilllamH,  Jr.  188:).  80.  xvii,  R13  pp.  Price 
50ccntH. 

Mineral  Rusoiircen  of  thn  United  Stat«8,  1883  and  1884,  l>y  Albert  Williams.  .|r. 
pp.    Price  00  cents. 

Mineral  Renonrcon  of  the  United  Statea,  1885.    DiviHion  of  Mining  StatiRtinn  and  Technology. 
8°.    vil,  57epp.     Price  40  cents. 

Mineral  Resoiircea  of  the  United  Statea,  1880,  by  David '1'.  Day.    1887.    80.    viii,813pp.    Price50cent8. 

Mineral  Ucsoiircea  of  the  United  States,  1887.  by  David  T.  Day.    1888.    8°.   vii,  832  pp.    Pri<e  ,'iO  cents. 

Mineral  Uesources  of  the  United  States,  1888.  by  David  T.  Day.    1890.    8°.   vii.  a'>2  pp.    Price  50  cents. 

Mineral  Resources  of  the  Unit«<i  States.  1880  and  1890,  by  David  T.  Day.  1892.  80.  viii,  071  pp. 
Price  50  cents. 

MineralResourcesoftheUnitedStates,  1891.  by  David  T.Day.    1893.    80.   vii.  630  pp.    Price  50  cents. 

MineralRegourcc8oftheUnitedSt.ite8, 1892,  by  David  T.Day.    1893.    80.  vii.850pp.    Price .50 cents. 

MineralResonrcesof  the Unite<l  .States,  1893.  by  David  T.Day.    1804.    80.  viii. 810pp.    Price 50 cents. 

On  March  2,  1805,  the  following  provision  was  included  in  an  act  of  Congress: 

"Piovided,  That  hereafter  the  report  of  the  mineral  resources  of  the  Uuit€-d  States  shall  be  issued 
as  a  part  of  the  report  of  the  Director  of  the  (icological  Survey." 

In  compliance  with  this  legislation  the  following  r<!])ort8  have  been  published : 

Mineral  Resources  of  the  United  States,  1894,  David  T.  Day,  Chief  of  Division.  1895.  8"^.  xv,64e 
pp.,  23  pi. ;  xix.  735  pp.,  0  pi.    Being  Part^*  III  and  I V  of  the  Sixteenth  Annual  Report. 

Mineral  Resources  of  the  United  States,  1895,  David  T.  Day,  Chief  of  Division.  1890.  80.  xxiii, 
542  pp.,  8  pi.  and  maps;  iii,  543-1058  pp.,  9-13  pi.  Being  Part  III  (in  2  vols.)  of  the  Seventeenth 
Annual  Report. 

Mineral  Resources  of  the  United  States,  1800,  David  T.  Day,  Chief  of  Division.  1897.  80.  xii,  642 
pp..  1  pi. ;  043-1400  pp.    Being  Part  V  (in  2  vols.)  of  the  Eighteenth  Annual  Report. 

Mineral  Resources  of  the  United  States,  1897,  David  T.  Day,  Chief  of  Division.  1808.  80.  viii, 
051  pp.,  11  pi.;  viii,  706  pp.    Being  Part  VI  (in  2  vols.)  of  the  Nineteenth  Annual  Report. 

Mineral  Resources  of  the  United  States,  1898,  by  David  T.  Day,  Chief  of  Division.  1899.  8°.  viii, 
616  pp. ;  ix,  804  pp.,  1  pi.    Being  Part  VI  (in  2  rols.)  of  the  Twentieth  Annual  Report. 

The  money  received  from  the  sale  of  the  Survey  ])ublications  in  deposited  in  the  Treasury,  and  the 
Secretary  of  the  Treasiiry  declines  to  receive  bank  checks,  drafts,  or  postage  stamps ;  all  remittances, 
therefore,  must  be  by  money  order,  made  payable  to  the  Director  of  the  United  States  Geoligical 
Survey,  or  in  ODRReNCY— the  exact  amount.  Correspondence  relating  to  tlio  publications  of  the 
Survey  should  be  a4ldre8sed  to— 


Washinoton,  D.  C,  August,  1900. 


Thk  DiKKcroR, 

United  States  (iEoi,oairAL  Survbt, 
Washinoton,  D. 


25 
25 


mm 


LIBEAEY  CATALOGUE  SLIPS. 


I 


W,«l.il.gto«  I  p.vernn»i.t  lirint...«  oW™  1  '*»  „  ,v„,. 

Washington  |  government  printing  office  |  IJOO 
go.    78  pp.    1  pl- 


I 


^^*  uXd'states  geological   Burvey  |  Charles  D.  Walcott     .li- 
Un.ted  Sta^  g       K  ^^^thwestern  boundary  of  the 

'^fZJ^lLT^I-^m  ,  by  ,'Marcns  Bauer  KVignettel  , 
Washington  |  government  printing  office  |  1900 
IvsZr^rLt.     Depunment  of  tHe  i,U.rior.     iV.  ..  „«>.o^t  -"n,-) 
Bulletin  174.] 


£ 


TTnU«d   States   geological   survey  |  CharleR  D.  Walcott    dl- 
United   8t»^»   K««    8  northwestern  boundary  ol  the 

Sd's^atls  Wsei  ,  by  ,  Urcus  Bauer  KVigoette]  , 
Washington  |  government  printing  office  |  1900 

go.    78  pp.     I  pl-  .     i.,t,^f       I V.  S.  geological  nurvey.) 

[UNITEP  STATES.     Departitient  of  the  mUrUtr.      {v.  ^.  g     "i/ 

Bulletin  174.]  j^jjl 


